Indian Geography Mock Test - 100 Questions
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1.
Consider the following statements regarding the influence of climate on Indian agriculture:
1. The distinction between Kharif and Rabi seasons is uniformly pronounced across the entire Indian subcontinent.
2. Rainfed farming is exclusively practiced in regions receiving more than 75 cm of annual rainfall.
3. High temperatures in southern India negate the need for seasonal crop distinction, allowing for year-round cultivation of all crop types.
Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?
1. The distinction between Kharif and Rabi seasons is uniformly pronounced across the entire Indian subcontinent.
2. Rainfed farming is exclusively practiced in regions receiving more than 75 cm of annual rainfall.
3. High temperatures in southern India negate the need for seasonal crop distinction, allowing for year-round cultivation of all crop types.
Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1, 2, and 3
3 only
Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect because the seasonal distinction is less pronounced in southern India. Statement 2 is incorrect as rainfed farming is divided into dryland (<75 cm) and wetland (>75 cm). Statement 3 is incorrect because while high temperatures allow for year-round cultivation of *tropical* crops, it is contingent on water availability and doesn't apply to all crop types.
2.
With reference to land use in India, which of the following assertions is the most accurate interpretation of the provided data?
An increase in the land area classified as "forest" by the Land Revenue Department guarantees a corresponding increase in the actual forest cover.
The official classification of land as 'forest' is an administrative categorization that may not reflect the ecological reality of tree density on that land.
The share of land under the 'forest' category has consistently decreased from 1950-51 to 2014-15 due to resource degradation.
Ecological restoration projects like afforestation are only effective in command areas of large canals, such as the Indira Gandhi Canal.
Explanation: The text explicitly states that it's important to distinguish between the area classified as forest by the government and the actual forest cover, and an increase in the former does not necessarily mean an increase in the latter. This supports the idea that it's an administrative category.
3.
Match the following agricultural crops with their primary characteristics and leading producer states.
Select the correct code:
| Crop | Characteristic/Season | Leading Producer |
|---|---|---|
| A. Jowar | 1. Rabi Season, Subtropical | X. West Bengal |
| B. Rice | 2. Coarse Cereal, Semi-arid | Y. Maharashtra |
| C. Rapeseed | 3. Kharif Season, Staple Food | Z. Rajasthan |
Select the correct code:
A-2-X, B-3-Y, C-1-Z
A-2-Y, B-3-X, C-1-Z
A-1-Z, B-2-X, C-3-Y
A-3-Y, B-1-Z, C-2-X
Explanation: Jowar (A) is a coarse cereal grown in semi-arid regions, and Maharashtra is its largest producer (2-Y). Rice (B) is a Kharif staple food, and West Bengal is a leading producer (3-X). Rapeseed (C) is a subtropical Rabi crop, and Rajasthan is a major producer (1-Z).
4.
Assertion (A): The majority of India's large integrated iron and steel plants are located in the North-Eastern Plateau Region.
Reason (R): This region lacks significant deposits of non-ferrous minerals like bauxite and copper, forcing a focus on ferrous industries.
Reason (R): This region lacks significant deposits of non-ferrous minerals like bauxite and copper, forcing a focus on ferrous industries.
Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
A is true, but R is false.
A is false, but R is true.
Explanation: Assertion (A) is true as the text confirms the location of major steel plants in this region. However, Reason (R) is false. The text explicitly states that the North-Eastern Plateau Region is rich in iron ore, coal, manganese, AND bauxite. The concentration of steel plants is due to the presence of key inputs like iron ore and coal, not the absence of other minerals.
5.
A geothermal energy plant has been commissioned at Manikaran. In which of the following states is this site located, and what is the primary source of this energy?
Rajasthan; Heat from solar radiation trapped in rocks.
Gujarat; Heat from the decay of radioactive materials.
Himachal Pradesh; Heat from the earth's interior.
Kerala; Heat from monazite sands.
Explanation: The text explicitly states that a geothermal energy plant has been commissioned at Manikaran in Himachal Pradesh and that this form of energy taps heat from the earth's interior.
6.
Consider the following statements about the Indian transport network:
1. National Highways, managed by the NHAI, constitute the largest portion of India's total road length.
2. The Konkan Railway was an engineering feat connecting the eastern and western coasts of India.
3. Oceanic routes handle a greater share of India's foreign trade by value than by volume.
Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect?
1. National Highways, managed by the NHAI, constitute the largest portion of India's total road length.
2. The Konkan Railway was an engineering feat connecting the eastern and western coasts of India.
3. Oceanic routes handle a greater share of India's foreign trade by value than by volume.
Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect?
1 and 2 only
1, 2, and 3
2 and 3 only
3 only
Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect; rural roads constitute about 80% of the total length, while NHs are only 2%. Statement 2 is incorrect; the Konkan Railway connects Roha (Maharashtra) to Mangaluru (Karnataka) along the west coast, not east to west. Statement 3 is incorrect; oceanic routes handle 95% by volume but only 70% by value, meaning they handle a greater share by volume.
7.
Which of the following problems in Indian agriculture is directly linked to the "vast underemployment" mentioned in the text?
The dependence on an erratic monsoon.
The seasonal nature of agricultural activities, especially in unirrigated tracts.
The depletion of soil fertility due to salinisation and alkalisation.
The continuation of inequitable land distribution due to lack of land reforms.
Explanation: The text explicitly states that the agricultural sector suffers from massive seasonal unemployment, particularly in unirrigated tracts. This seasonal nature of work is the direct cause of underemployment, where people are employed for only part of the year.
8.
A factory requires copper for manufacturing electrical wires and zinc for alloys. Based on the mineral distribution described, which region would be the most logical location for this factory to minimize raw material transport costs?
The North-Eastern Plateau Region
The South-Western Plateau Region
The coastal plains of Tamil Nadu
The North-Western Region along the Aravalli
Explanation: The text specifies that the North-Western Region, stretching along the Aravalli in Rajasthan and parts of Gujarat, is known for non-ferrous metals like copper and zinc.
9.
With reference to coal in India, consider the following:
1. Tertiary coal is the primary source for thermal power generation.
2. Lignite is predominantly found in the river valleys of the Gondwana formations.
3. Jharia, the largest coalfield, is located in the Damodar valley.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
1. Tertiary coal is the primary source for thermal power generation.
2. Lignite is predominantly found in the river valleys of the Gondwana formations.
3. Jharia, the largest coalfield, is located in the Damodar valley.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
3 only
1, 2 and 3
Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect; Gondwana coal is the main source for thermal power. Statement 2 is incorrect; Lignite is found in coastal areas of Tamil Nadu, Puducherry, and Gujarat, not in Gondwana formations. Statement 3 is correct as the text identifies Jharia as the largest coalfield located in the Damodar valley.
10.
The development of which of the following waterways involved connecting Kottapuram and Kollam along the West Coast Canal?
National Waterway-1 (NW-1)
National Waterway-3 (NW-3)
National Waterway-2 (NW-2)
The Konkan Waterway Project
Explanation: The text clearly identifies National Waterway-3 (NW-3) as the Kottapuram-Kollam stretch on the West Coast Canal in Kerala.
11.
Which of the following correctly fills the blank?
The Indian agricultural calendar, particularly the distinction between Kharif and Rabi seasons, is fundamentally structured around __________.
The Indian agricultural calendar, particularly the distinction between Kharif and Rabi seasons, is fundamentally structured around __________.
the availability of irrigation facilities
the type of soil fertility
its climatic seasons, especially the monsoon
the distribution of population
Explanation: The text directly states, "The Indian agricultural calendar is fundamentally structured around its climatic seasons, especially the monsoon."
12.
A farmer in a region with annual rainfall of 65 cm wants to cultivate crops without relying on irrigation. Which type of farming and which crop combination would be most suitable according to the text?
Wetland farming; Rice and Jute
Productive irrigated farming; Wheat and Sugarcane
Dryland farming; Ragi and Bajra
Protective irrigated farming; Cotton and Maize
Explanation: The region receives less than 75 cm of rainfall, making it suitable for dryland farming. The text identifies hardy crops like ragi and bajra as ideal for such conditions.
13.
The southward shift of the sugar industry, with Maharashtra emerging as the leading producer, is significant. Which intrinsic characteristic of the raw material for this industry heavily influences factory location?
It is a weight-gaining crop.
It requires proximity to port facilities for export.
It is a weight-losing crop.
It requires a subtropical climate found only in the south.
Explanation: The text explicitly states that sugarcane is a "weight-losing crop, requiring factories to be located near fields" to minimize transport costs and preserve sucrose content.
14.
Consider the following pairs:
1. Uranium : Monazite sands
2. Natural Gas : Krishna-Godavari basin
3. Thorium : Dharwar rocks
Which of the above pairs is/are correctly matched?
1. Uranium : Monazite sands
2. Natural Gas : Krishna-Godavari basin
3. Thorium : Dharwar rocks
Which of the above pairs is/are correctly matched?
1 and 3 only
1 and 2 only
3 only
2 only
Explanation: Pair 1 is incorrect; Uranium is found in Dharwar rocks, while Thorium is from monazite sands. Pair 3 is incorrect for the same reason. Pair 2 is correct, as the text mentions exclusive natural gas reserves are found along the eastern coast, including the Krishna-Godavari basin.
15.
Assertion (A): The Border Roads Organisation (BRO) plays a crucial role in national security and connectivity.
Reason (R): The BRO constructed and maintains the Golden Quadrilateral project connecting major metropolitan cities.
Reason (R): The BRO constructed and maintains the Golden Quadrilateral project connecting major metropolitan cities.
Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
A is true, but R is false.
A is false, but R is true.
Explanation: Assertion (A) is true, as the BRO's work in strategic border areas is vital. However, Reason (R) is false. The text states that the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) is responsible for the Golden Quadrilateral project.
16.
Which of the following is NOT listed as a major problem faced by Indian agriculture in the provided text?
Lack of commercialisation leading to subsistence farming.
Financial constraints and indebtedness among small farmers.
Over-dependence on a single crop type across the country.
Degradation of cultivable land due to faulty irrigation strategies.
Explanation: The text lists dependence on monsoon, low productivity, financial constraints, lack of land reforms, small farm size, lack of commercialisation, underemployment, and land degradation as problems. It does not mention over-dependence on a single crop type as a major national problem.
17.
The South-Western Plateau Region is rich in high-grade iron ore and manganese. What critical resource, essential for traditional large-scale steel production, is notably absent in this region, with the exception of lignite deposits in Neyveli?
Bauxite
Mica
Coal
Copper
Explanation: The text explicitly states that the South-Western Plateau Region "lacks significant coal deposits, except for lignite in Neyveli." Coal is a key input for smelting iron ore in steel production.
18.
The Hazira-Vijaipur-Jagdishpur (HVJ) pipeline is a significant infrastructure project. What is its primary function?
Transporting crude petroleum from Mumbai High to refineries.
Supplying water for irrigation to the states of Gujarat and Rajasthan.
Transporting natural gas across various states.
Carrying a slurry of iron ore from mines to ports.
Explanation: The text identifies the HVJ pipeline as a "major gas transportation network."
19.
Which of the following ports is correctly described as a 'tidal port' and is located on the west coast?
Visakhapatnam
Kandla
Haldia
Tuticorin
Explanation: The text lists major ports on the west coast and specifically describes Kandla as a "tidal port".
20.
Pulses like Gram and Tur are considered vital for Indian agriculture, particularly in drylands. What dual role do they play?
They serve as both a foodgrain and a fibre crop.
They are a source of oilseeds and prevent soil erosion.
They are used as fodder for cattle and are cash crops.
They provide protein and enhance soil fertility by fixing nitrogen.
Explanation: The text states that pulses are "important sources of protein and act as legume crops that fix nitrogen, enhancing soil fertility."
21.
The first modern cotton textile mill was established in Mumbai in 1854. Which of the following was NOT listed as a reason for its location in Mumbai?
Proximity to cotton-growing areas.
Availability of capital.
Availability of cheap hydro-electric power.
Port facilities for import/export.
Explanation: The text cites proximity to cotton areas, port facilities, and available capital as reasons for the mill's location in Mumbai. It does not mention the availability of cheap hydro-electric power.
22.
Which of the following non-conventional energy sources has a commissioned plant in Okhla, Delhi, according to the text?
Solar Energy
Geothermal Energy
Tidal Energy
Bio-energy
Explanation: The text mentions that a project converting municipal waste to energy, which is a form of bio-energy, is operational in Okhla, Delhi.
23.
The North-South and East-West Corridors are major highway projects. Which pair of cities do they connect, respectively?
Delhi to Chennai and Kolkata to Mumbai
Srinagar to Kanniyakumari and Silchar to Porbandar
Jammu to Thiruvananthapuram and Guwahati to Ahmedabad
Leh to Madurai and Imphal to Surat
Explanation: The text explicitly states that the North-South & East-West Corridors connect Srinagar to Kanniyakumari and Silchar to Porbandar, respectively.
24.
Consider the following crops:
1. Wheat
2. Cotton
3. Jute
4. Mustard
Which of the above are predominantly grown during the Rabi season?
1. Wheat
2. Cotton
3. Jute
4. Mustard
Which of the above are predominantly grown during the Rabi season?
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 4 only
3 and 4 only
Explanation: The text lists Wheat and Mustard as major Rabi crops. Cotton is a Kharif crop, and Jute is also grown during the monsoon season.
25.
Which of the following integrated steel plants was established post-independence during the Second Five Year Plan, with foreign collaboration? The text mentions three such plants.
TISCO (Jamshedpur)
IISCO (Burnpur)
Rourkela (Odisha)
Bokaro (Jharkhand)
Explanation: The text states that Rourkela (Odisha), Bhilai (Chhattisgarh), and Durgapur (West Bengal) were set up during the Second Five Year Plan. Bokaro was established later in 1964. TISCO and IISCO were established before independence.
26.
Petroleum in India, often called "liquid gold," is primarily found in which type of geological formations?
Gondwana rock systems
Dharwar rocks
Laterite formations
Sedimentary rocks of the tertiary period
Explanation: The text clearly states that petroleum "occurs in sedimentary rocks of the tertiary period."
27.
Which of the following statements accurately reflects the status of railway gauges in India as per the provided text?
Metre gauge is the most dominant gauge, covering the majority of the network.
There is an ongoing program to convert metre and narrow gauges to broad gauge to create a uniform network.
Narrow gauge is primarily used for high-speed freight transport in plain areas.
Broad gauge constitutes only a minor part of the railway network and is being phased out.
Explanation: The text mentions that Broad Gauge is the primary network and that there are "extensive conversion programs underway to upgrade other gauges," implying a move towards uniformity under the broad gauge system.
28.
"Productive" irrigated farming, as described in the text, is primarily aimed at:
Merely protecting crops from drought during inadequate rainfall.
Supplying sufficient and timely water to achieve high productivity per unit of land.
Cultivating only hardy and drought-resistant crops like ragi.
Recharging groundwater levels in arid regions.
Explanation: The text defines productive farming as providing "sufficient water for high productivity," distinguishing it from protective irrigation, which is merely supplementary.
29.
Mica's primary industrial application, as mentioned in the text, is in which sector?
Construction and building materials.
Smelting of iron ore.
Electrical and electronic industries.
Manufacturing of ferro-alloys.
Explanation: The text explicitly states that Mica is "primarily used in electrical and electronic industries."
30.
Assertion (A): The western parts of India, like Gujarat and Rajasthan, have a high potential for solar energy generation.
Reason (R): These regions have extensive deposits of Uranium and Thorium required for photovoltaic cells.
Reason (R): These regions have extensive deposits of Uranium and Thorium required for photovoltaic cells.
Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
A is true, but R is false.
A is false, but R is true.
Explanation: Assertion (A) is true as stated in the text. Reason (R) is false. Photovoltaic cells tap solar radiation and are not dependent on Uranium or Thorium, which are fuels for nuclear energy. The high potential is due to high solar insolation (clear skies, etc.), which is an unstated but implied reason.
31.
Which port on the east coast is described as the oldest artificial port and is a major hub for trade?
Kolkata
Paradwip
Chennai
Visakhapatnam
Explanation: The text identifies Chennai as the "oldest artificial port" on the east coast.
32.
Which of the following is a key distinction between the cultivation of tea and coffee in India, based on the text?
Tea is a Kharif crop, while coffee is a Rabi crop.
Tea is predominantly grown in the hilly areas of the northeast, while coffee is concentrated in the highlands of the Western Ghats in the south.
India is the world's largest producer of tea but a minor producer of coffee.
Coffee requires undulating topography, whereas tea can be grown on flat plains.
Explanation: The text clearly states that Assam is the largest producer of tea (located in the northeast) and that coffee is grown in the highlands of the Western Ghats in Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu (in the south).
33.
Bauxite, the ore for aluminum, is primarily associated with which type of rock formations?
Gondwana coal seams
Dharwar rocks
Laterite rocks in tertiary deposits
Sedimentary rocks of the Aravalli region
Explanation: The text specifies that bauxite is "found mainly in tertiary deposits associated with laterite rocks."
34.
Which of the following is NOT listed as a conventional source of energy in the provided document?
Coal
Nuclear Energy
Petroleum
Natural Gas
Explanation: The text classifies Coal, Petroleum, and Natural Gas under "Conventional Sources." Nuclear Energy is listed under "Non-Conventional Energy Sources."
35.
Pawan Hans provides specialized helicopter services. Which two sectors are mentioned as primary beneficiaries of its services?
Tourism and emergency medical services.
Urban transport and mail delivery.
Agricultural spraying and weather monitoring.
Operations in hilly areas and the petroleum sector.
Explanation: The text states that Pawan Hans provides helicopter services, "especially in hilly areas and for the petroleum sector."
36.
The degradation of land and forest resources, as seen in Jhabua district, is a significant issue. Which of the following agricultural problems is a direct consequence of such degradation?
Lack of commercialisation.
Depletion of soil fertility.
Vast underemployment.
Small farm size and fragmentation.
Explanation: Resource degradation, particularly of land, directly leads to the depletion of soil fertility, which is listed as a major problem in Indian agriculture, often caused by faulty strategies and overuse.
37.
Which state has emerged as the leading producer of sugarcane, marking a significant geographical shift in the industry?
Uttar Pradesh
Maharashtra
Punjab
Tamil Nadu
Explanation: The text explicitly states, "Maharashtra has emerged as the leading producer, followed by Uttar Pradesh."
38.
Which of the following correctly pairs a mineral with its leading producer state as per the text?
Iron Ore - Karnataka
Bauxite - Gujarat
Manganese - Odisha
Copper - Rajasthan
Explanation: The text states that "Odisha is the leading producer" of Manganese. While the other states are producers of their respective minerals, they are not listed as the single leading producer in the provided text (e.g., Odisha is also a top producer of iron ore and bauxite).
39.
Tertiary coal is geographically concentrated in which part of India?
The river valleys of peninsular India.
The coastal areas of Tamil Nadu and Gujarat.
The states of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, and Nagaland.
The Chhotanagpur plateau region.
Explanation: The text specifies that Tertiary Coal is "found in Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, and Nagaland."
40.
What percentage of India's foreign trade by volume is handled by oceanic routes?
40%
70%
95%
80%
Explanation: The text clearly states that oceanic routes handle "about 95% of India’s foreign trade by volume".
41.
The concentration of population in the North Indian Plains is attributed to favorable climate, terrain, and water availability. This implies that population density is primarily a function of:
Industrial development
Physical factors
Government policy
Social structure
Explanation: The text introduces climate, terrain, and water as "primary physical factors" that determine population patterns.
42.
The Zaid season is characterized by:
Alignment with the Southwest Monsoon for cultivating rice.
The onset of winter, suitable for temperate crops like wheat.
A short summer period for crops like vegetables and fruits, mainly on irrigated lands.
Being the primary season for coarse cereals in semi-arid regions.
Explanation: The text defines the Zaid season as a "short summer season (April-June) for crops like vegetables, fruits, and fodder, mainly on irrigated lands."
43.
Which of the following is NOT a sub-group of the petrochemical industry as listed in the text?
Polymers
Synthetic fibers
Fertilizers
Elastomers
Explanation: The text lists four sub-groups: polymers, synthetic fibers, elastomers, and surfactant intermediates. Fertilizers, while related to the chemical industry, are not listed as a sub-group of petrochemicals here.
44.
The nuclear power plant at Kalpakkam is located in which state?
Maharashtra
Rajasthan
Tamil Nadu
Karnataka
Explanation: The text lists the major nuclear power projects, including "Kalpakkam (Tamil Nadu)".
45.
Which mode of transport is described as the cheapest, most fuel-efficient, and ideal for heavy and bulky materials?
Road Transport
Railway Transport
Water Transport
Air Transport
Explanation: The section on Water Transport begins by stating it is "the cheapest means of transport, ideal for heavy and bulky materials. It is fuel-efficient and eco-friendly."
46.
What percentage of India's total cropped area is occupied by foodgrains?
About one-third
About half
About two-thirds
About 14%
Explanation: The text states that "Foodgrains: Occupy about two-thirds of the total cropped area in India."
47.
The North-Western mineral belt is particularly known for its wealth in:
Ferrous metals and coal.
Bauxite and mica.
Non-ferrous metals and building stones.
Petroleum and manganese.
Explanation: The text describes this region as being known for "non-ferrous metals like copper and zinc" and also rich in "building stones (sandstone, granite, marble)".
48.
Which of the following is an advantage of non-conventional energy sources as highlighted in the text?
They are exhaustible but highly efficient.
They are concentrated in one specific geographical region.
They are the primary source for the transport sector.
They are renewable and more equitably distributed.
Explanation: The text introduces non-conventional sources as "renewable, eco-friendly, and more equitably distributed resources."
49.
National Waterway-1 (NW-1) facilitates navigation on which river, connecting Allahabad and Haldia?
Brahmaputra
Ganga
Godavari
Mahanadi
Explanation: The text defines NW-1 as the "Allahabad-Haldia stretch on the Ganga river".
50.
Which fibre crop is described as a tropical kharif crop grown in semi-arid areas, with India being the second-largest producer globally?
Cotton
Jute
Mesta
Silk
Explanation: The description perfectly matches that of Cotton in the provided text: "a tropical kharif crop grown in semi-arid areas. India ranks second in production after China."
51.
The location of the TISCO plant at Jamshedpur is strategic due to its proximity to which sources of iron ore and coal, respectively?
Kendujhar and Raniganj
Ballari and Singrauli
Noamundi and Jharia
Mayurbhanj and Bokaro
Explanation: The text states that TISCO is "located near the source of iron ore (Noamundi) and coal (Jharia, West Bokaro)."
52.
Lignite, or brown coal, is a type of coal found in specific regions. Which state is home to the major lignite deposits at Neyveli?
Gujarat
Rajasthan
Tamil Nadu
Assam
Explanation: The text specifies that lignite "occurs in coastal areas of Tamil Nadu (Neyveli)".
53.
Despite constituting only 2% of the total road length, National Highways carry what percentage of the road traffic?
10%
20%
80%
40%
Explanation: The text states that National Highways "constitute only 2% of the road length but carry 40% of the traffic."
54.
Which of the following is the second most important cereal crop in India and is primarily grown in the rabi season?
Rice
Wheat
Maize
Bajra
Explanation: The text describes Wheat as "the second most important cereal crop, grown primarily in the rabi season."
55.
The Bokaro steel plant was established in 1964. In which state is it located?
Odisha
West Bengal
Jharkhand
Chhattisgarh
Explanation: The text states, "Bokaro (Jharkhand) was established in 1964."
56.
Which two states are mentioned as having favorable conditions for wind energy, besides Rajasthan and Gujarat?
Punjab and Haryana
Uttar Pradesh and Bihar
Maharashtra and Karnataka
Kerala and Tamil Nadu
Explanation: The text lists "Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Karnataka" as having favorable conditions for wind energy.
57.
Which of the following is the largest container port in India?
Mumbai Port
Jawaharlal Nehru Port
Kandla Port
Chennai Port
Explanation: The text identifies the Jawaharlal Nehru Port as the "largest container port."
58.
One of the major problems in Indian agriculture is the "degradation of cultivable land." What specific causes are cited for this issue?
Excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
Deforestation and soil erosion in hilly areas.
Waterlogging, salinisation, and alkalisation from faulty irrigation.
Overgrazing by livestock in pasture lands.
Explanation: The text directly attributes the degradation to "faulty irrigation strategies" that "have led to waterlogging, salinisation, and alkalisation, depleting soil fertility."
59.
Which city is identified as the hub of India's petrochemical industry?
Jamnagar
Mumbai
Haldia
Barauni
Explanation: The text explicitly states, "Mumbai is the hub of the petrochemical industry."
60.
The potential for tidal and wave energy is high but remains largely untapped. Along which coast is this potential particularly noted?
The east coast
The coast of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands
The west coast
The coast of the Sunderbans delta
Explanation: The text mentions that "The west coast of India has high potential" for tidal and wave energy.
61.
Which organization is responsible for the construction and maintenance of roads in strategic border areas, including the road connecting Manali with Leh?
National Highways Authority of India (NHAI)
State Public Works Departments
Border Roads Organisation (BRO)
Central Public Works Department (CPWD)
Explanation: The text clearly attributes this role to the "Border Roads Organisation (BRO)".
62.
Which of the following states is the largest producer of both jowar and bajra?
Rajasthan
Gujarat
Maharashtra
Madhya Pradesh
Explanation: The text states, "Maharashtra is the largest producer of both jowar and bajra."
63.
What type of iron ore constitutes the bulk of India's reserves?
Limonite and Siderite
Haematite and Magnetite
Goethite and Taconite
Only Magnetite
Explanation: The text states that India has large reserves, "primarily of Haematite and Magnetite types."
64.
Exclusive reserves of natural gas have been found along the eastern coast. Which two river basins are specifically mentioned?
Mahanadi and Damodar
Ganga and Brahmaputra
Krishna-Godavari and Kaveri
Narmada and Tapti
Explanation: The text mentions that exclusive reserves are found along the eastern coast in the "Krishna-Godavari, Kaveri basins".
65.
Which port on the east coast is described as a "riverine port"?
Chennai
Ennore
Kolkata
Paradwip
Explanation: The text lists major ports on the east coast and specifically describes Kolkata as a "riverine port".
66.
Which state is the largest producer of tea in India, contributing over half of the total production?
West Bengal
Assam
Kerala
Tamil Nadu
Explanation: The text explicitly states, "Assam is the largest producer, contributing over half of the total production."
67.
Jute is a cash crop concentrated in a few eastern states. Which of the following is NOT listed as a major jute-producing state?
West Bengal
Bihar
Odisha
Assam
Explanation: The text lists the concentration of jute in "West Bengal, Bihar, and Assam." Odisha is not mentioned in this context.
68.
The nuclear power plant at Rawatbhata is located near which city/region?
Jaipur
Jodhpur
Udaipur
Kota (The text says Rawatbhata (Rajasthan), which is near Kota)
Explanation: The text lists "Rawatbhata (Rajasthan)" as a major nuclear power project. Rawatbhata is located near the city of Kota in Rajasthan.
69.
What was the primary purpose of the first air transport service in India in 1911?
Passenger transport between major cities.
An airmail service between Allahabad and Naini.
A strategic military transport service.
A joyride service for the elite.
Explanation: The text states that air transport "began in India in 1911 with an airmail service between Allahabad and Naini."
70.
Which state produces over two-thirds of India's coffee?
Kerala
Tamil Nadu
Karnataka
Andhra Pradesh
Explanation: The text mentions that "Karnataka produces over two-thirds of the country's coffee."
71.
The cotton textile industry, while now decentralized, has major centers in three states. Which of the following is NOT one of them?
Maharashtra
Gujarat
Uttar Pradesh
Tamil Nadu
Explanation: The text lists the major centers in "Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Tamil Nadu." While Uttar Pradesh has textile mills, it is not listed as one of the top three decentralized centers in this context.
72.
Gondwana coal, which constitutes about 80% of India's reserves, is found in the valleys of four major rivers. Which of the following is NOT one of them?
Damodar
Godavari
Mahanadi
Yamuna
Explanation: The text lists the river valleys as "Damodar, Godavari, Mahanadi, and Sone". The Yamuna valley is not mentioned as a location for Gondwana coal.
73.
National Waterway-2 (NW-2) is located on which river?
Ganga
Brahmaputra
Godavari
West Coast Canal
Explanation: The text defines NW-2 as the "Sadiya-Dhubri stretch on the Brahmaputra river".
74.
Which of the following oilseeds is a subtropical crop grown in the rabi season, with Rajasthan being a major producer?
Groundnut
Rapeseed & Mustard
Soyabean
Sunflower
Explanation: The text describes "Rapeseed & Mustard" as "subtropical crops grown in the rabi season, with Rajasthan being a major producer."
75.
Which of the following is a key reason for the location of industries like sugar and steel near raw material sources?
They are weight-gaining industries.
They require a specific type of skilled labor only available in those areas.
They are weight-losing industries.
They depend on non-conventional energy sources found there.
Explanation: The text states that "Weight-losing industries (like sugar and steel) are located near raw materials."
76.
The largest petroleum producing area in India is:
Digboi, Assam
Ankleshwar, Gujarat
Mumbai High, offshore
Krishna-Godavari Basin
Explanation: The text lists the major producing areas, and Mumbai High is the most significant offshore field, making it the largest producer.
77.
The introduction of Metro rail in cities like Kolkata and Delhi primarily addresses the problem of:
Inter-state connectivity.
Freight transport.
Urban transport congestion.
Rural-urban linkage.
Explanation: The text mentions that Metro rail has "significantly improved urban transport," implying it tackles issues within cities like congestion.
78.
What is a primary reason for the low productivity of Indian agriculture compared to international levels?
The text does not provide a reason, only states it as a fact.
Heavy dependence on erratic monsoon and limited irrigation.
The cultivation of only low-yield crop varieties.
Lack of a market for agricultural surplus.
Explanation: While several problems contribute, the heavy dependence on an erratic monsoon for the majority of the cultivated area (two-thirds) is a fundamental reason for variable and often low productivity.
79.
Which of the following is NOT a major iron ore mining area mentioned in the text?
Mayurbhanj (Odisha)
Singhbhum (Jharkhand)
Ballari (Karnataka)
Khetri (Rajasthan)
Explanation: The text lists Mayurbhanj, Singhbhum, and Ballari as important iron ore mines. Khetri in Rajasthan is famous for Copper, not iron ore.
80.
Uranium deposits are primarily found in which geological formation?
Dharwar rocks
Gondwana formations
Tertiary sedimentary rocks
Monazite sands
Explanation: The text states that "Uranium deposits are found in the Dharwar rocks".
81.
The replacement of steam engines with diesel and electric engines in Indian Railways has primarily led to:
A decrease in the number of railway zones.
An increase in the use of narrow gauge tracks.
An increase in speed and haulage capacity.
A reduction in passenger fares.
Explanation: The text explicitly states that this replacement "has increased speed and haulage capacity."
82.
The location of the cotton textile industry in Gujarat and Maharashtra can be best explained by a combination of which factors?
Proximity to coal fields and availability of cheap labor.
Favorable climate for growing sugarcane and port facilities.
Proximity to raw material (cotton), port facilities, and available capital.
Presence of non-ferrous minerals and a strong railway network.
Explanation: The text explains the location of the first mill in Mumbai (in Maharashtra) due to "proximity to cotton-growing areas, port facilities, and available capital." These factors apply to the broader region of Gujarat and Maharashtra.
83.
Which of the following is a direct consequence of the "small farm size and fragmentation" problem in Indian agriculture?
It leads to waterlogging and salinisation.
It makes the holdings uneconomic for modern cultivation practices.
It forces farmers to depend on the monsoon.
It causes vast underemployment in the sector.
Explanation: The text states that fragmentation makes landholdings "uneconomic," implying that they are too small to efficiently use machinery or modern inputs, thus hindering productivity.
84.
Which mineral's main deposits are found in Singhbhum (Jharkhand), Balaghat (Madhya Pradesh), and Jhunjhunu (Rajasthan)?
Manganese
Bauxite
Copper
Mica
Explanation: The text lists these three locations as having the "main deposits" of Copper.
85.
Thorium, a crucial fuel for nuclear energy, is primarily sourced from:
The Dharwar rocks of Karnataka.
The coal fields of Jharkhand.
Monazite sands on the coasts of Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
The petroleum deposits of Mumbai High.
Explanation: The text explicitly states that "Thorium is sourced from monazite sands on the coasts of Kerala and Tamil Nadu."
86.
Which of the following is the correct hierarchy of roads in India from highest administrative control to lowest?
State Highways > National Highways > District Roads > Rural Roads
National Highways > State Highways > District Roads > Rural Roads
District Roads > Rural Roads > State Highways > National Highways
National Highways > District Roads > State Highways > Rural Roads
Explanation: The text describes National Highways (Central Govt), State Highways (State Govt), District Roads (linking district HQs), and Rural Roads, implying this clear hierarchy of management and connectivity scale.
87.
The lack of a pronounced seasonal distinction in southern India for agriculture is primarily due to:
Uniform rainfall throughout the year.
The presence of highly fertile black soils.
Consistently high temperatures allowing year-round cultivation of tropical crops.
The dominance of irrigated farming over rainfed farming.
Explanation: The text attributes this to "high temperatures" in southern India, which "allow for the cultivation of tropical crops year-round, provided water is available."
88.
Assertion (A): The cotton textile industry is now decentralized across various states.
Reason (R): The industry was initially a cottage industry before the establishment of modern mills.
Reason (R): The industry was initially a cottage industry before the establishment of modern mills.
Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
A is true, but R is false.
A is false, but R is true.
Explanation: Both statements are true and are mentioned in the text. However, the fact that it was a cottage industry historically does not explain its modern decentralization. The decentralization is due to other factors like market access, labor, and power availability across the country (implied).
89.
The nuclear power plant at Kaiga is in which state?
Gujarat
Karnataka
Maharashtra
Uttar Pradesh
Explanation: The text lists "Kaiga (Karnataka)" as one of the major nuclear power projects.
90.
Which port on the west coast is the largest port in the country?
Mumbai
Kandla
Marmagao
Jawaharlal Nehru Port
Explanation: The text describes Mumbai as the "largest port". While Jawaharlal Nehru Port is the largest container port, Mumbai is referred to as the largest overall.
91.
The concentration of population in coastal plains can be attributed to a favorable climate. Which agricultural practice, mentioned in the text, would be most prevalent in these high-rainfall areas?
Dryland farming
Wetland farming
Protective irrigated farming
Subsistence farming
Explanation: Coastal plains generally receive high rainfall. The text states that wetland farming occurs in areas where rainfall exceeds soil moisture requirements, making it suitable for these regions.
92.
Which of the following crops occupies about 14% of the total cropped area in India?
Foodgrains
Pulses
Oilseeds
Fibre crops
Explanation: The text states that "Oilseeds: Occupy about 14% of the total cropped area."
93.
The steel plant at Durgapur is located in which state?
Jharkhand
Odisha
West Bengal
Chhattisgarh
Explanation: The text mentions "Durgapur (West Bengal)" as one of the plants set up during the Second Five Year Plan.
94.
Which of the following nuclear power plants is located in Uttar Pradesh?
Tarapur
Kakarapara
Narora
Kaiga
Explanation: The text lists "Narora (Uttar Pradesh)" as a major nuclear power project.
95.
The Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) was established in which year?
1953
1911
1986
1964
Explanation: The text states, "The Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) was set up in 1986 for development."
96.
A region is characterized by tertiary coal deposits, high rainfall suitable for jute cultivation, and a major riverine port. Which state best fits this description?
Gujarat
West Bengal (with Assam for coal)
Maharashtra
Tamil Nadu
Explanation: West Bengal is a major producer of jute and has the riverine port of Kolkata. While its own coal is Gondwana, it is adjacent to the tertiary coal region of Northeast India (Assam, etc.) and is part of the broader eastern industrial belt.
97.
Which of the following is a leading producer of groundnut?
Maharashtra
Uttar Pradesh
Gujarat
West Bengal
Explanation: The text lists "Gujarat, Rajasthan, and Tamil Nadu are key states" for groundnut production, with Gujarat being a leading one.
98.
The steel plant at Bhilai is located in which state?
Jharkhand
Odisha
Chhattisgarh
West Bengal
Explanation: The text mentions "Bhilai (Chhattisgarh)" as one of the plants set up during the Second Five Year Plan.
99.
The nuclear power plant at Kakarapara is located in which state?
Gujarat
Rajasthan
Maharashtra
Tamil Nadu
Explanation: The text lists "Kakarapara (Gujarat)" as one of the major nuclear power projects.
100.
Which port on the east coast is described as "land-locked"?
Chennai
Visakhapatnam
Paradwip
Haldia
Explanation: The text specifically describes "Visakhapatnam (land-locked)" in its list of east coast ports.
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