UPSC World History Mock Test 2025: 100 MCQs on French & Chinese Revolutions, Cold War
Are you preparing for the UPSC Civil Services Exam or other competitive exams? Mastering the World History section of General Studies Paper 1 is crucial for success. To help you evaluate your preparation and sharpen your skills, we have created a comprehensive mock test with 100 high-quality, statement-based questions.
This mock test is designed to mirror the complexity and pattern of the actual UPSC Prelims exam. It covers three critical topics in-depth:
- The French Revolution (1789-1799)
- The Chinese Revolution (1945-1949)
- The Post-WWII Period & The Cold War
Dive in, test your knowledge, identify your strengths and weaknesses, and take a significant step forward in your preparation journey
Result:
1
Consider the following statements regarding the Kuomintang (KMT) immediately after World War II:
1. The KMT was the internationally recognized legitimate government of China.
2. It suffered from a complete lack of modern military equipment compared to the Communists.
3. The KMT regime was praised for its economic management and refusal to accept foreign aid.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
1. The KMT was the internationally recognized legitimate government of China.
2. It suffered from a complete lack of modern military equipment compared to the Communists.
3. The KMT regime was praised for its economic management and refusal to accept foreign aid.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct as the KMT was the internationally recognized government. Statement 2 is incorrect; the KMT possessed superior financial resources and modern military equipment. Statement 3 is incorrect; the KMT suffered from severe economic mismanagement (runaway inflation) and mortgaged the economy to the United States in exchange for aid.
2
Which of the following was the most significant strength of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in their struggle against the KMT?
Explanation: The provided text explicitly states, "The Communists' primary strength was their substantial popular base, especially among the peasantry." This support was cultivated through land reforms and democratic experiments in the "liberated areas."
3
Arrange the following events of the Chinese Civil War in chronological order:
1. The PLA launches a series of successful counter-offensives under Lin Piao.
2. General George C. Marshall's mediation attempt fails.
3. The KMT captures the Communist wartime capital, Yenan.
4. The PLA liberates all of Manchuria in the Northeast China Campaign.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
1. The PLA launches a series of successful counter-offensives under Lin Piao.
2. General George C. Marshall's mediation attempt fails.
3. The KMT captures the Communist wartime capital, Yenan.
4. The PLA liberates all of Manchuria in the Northeast China Campaign.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Explanation: The correct sequence is:
2. Marshall's mediation failed by the spring of 1946.
3. The KMT captured Yenan in March 1947.
1. The PLA counter-offensives began in the spring of 1947 and continued through September.
4. The Northeast China Campaign that liberated Manchuria occurred from September to November 1948.
2. Marshall's mediation failed by the spring of 1946.
3. The KMT captured Yenan in March 1947.
1. The PLA counter-offensives began in the spring of 1947 and continued through September.
4. The Northeast China Campaign that liberated Manchuria occurred from September to November 1948.
4
Assertion (A): The Chinese national bourgeoisie, initially alienated from the Communists, eventually became more willing to collaborate with them.
Reason (R): The 1946 Sino-American Treaty of Commerce and Navigation led to an influx of American products, which stifled national industries controlled by the bourgeoisie.
Reason (R): The 1946 Sino-American Treaty of Commerce and Navigation led to an influx of American products, which stifled national industries controlled by the bourgeoisie.
Explanation: The text states that the KMT government's economic sellout, particularly the 1946 treaty, "flooded China with American products, stifling national industries and alienating the Chinese bourgeoisie, who then became more willing to collaborate with the Communists." Therefore, both statements are true and R is the direct cause of A.
5
The October 1947 Agrarian Reform Law was significant because it:
Explanation: The law called for the confiscation and redistribution of landlords' land. The text highlights its impact: "Within a year, 100 million peasants in liberated areas received land, and in return, they enthusiastically joined the PLA to defend their gains."
6
Match the following campaigns with the areas they liberated:
Select the correct match:
| Campaign | Area Liberated |
| A. East China Campaign | 1. All of Manchuria |
| B. Northeast China Campaign | 2. All of northern China, including Peking |
| C. Huai-Hai Campaign | 3. Tsinan, capital of Shantung |
Explanation: According to the text:
East China Campaign (Sept 1948) liberated Tsinan (A-3).
Northeast China Campaign (Sept-Nov 1948) liberated all of Manchuria (B-1).
Huai-Hai and Peking Campaigns (Nov 1948-Jan 1949) liberated all of northern China (C-2).
East China Campaign (Sept 1948) liberated Tsinan (A-3).
Northeast China Campaign (Sept-Nov 1948) liberated all of Manchuria (B-1).
Huai-Hai and Peking Campaigns (Nov 1948-Jan 1949) liberated all of northern China (C-2).
7
What was the political structure of the new People's Republic of China (PRC) established in 1949?
Explanation: The text describes the new state as a "People's Democratic Dictatorship" and explicitly mentions it was a "coalition government of fourteen parties and groups, symbolizing a broad united front."
8
Consider the following statements about the Marriage Law of 1950:
1. It was a landmark law aimed at establishing equal rights for women.
2. It made marriage an institution based on the free consent of partners.
3. It was quickly repealed due to opposition from the landlord class.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
1. It was a landmark law aimed at establishing equal rights for women.
2. It made marriage an institution based on the free consent of partners.
3. It was quickly repealed due to opposition from the landlord class.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Explanation: Statements 1 and 2 are correct as described in the text. Statement 3 is incorrect; the law was a key policy of the new regime, and the power of the landlord class was already being destroyed by land reforms.
9
After the KMT captured the Communist wartime capital of _______ in March 1947, the PLA employed a strategy of ________, which ultimately proved successful.
Explanation: The text states the KMT captured "their wartime capital, Yenan, in March 1947." It further explains, "The PLA employed a strategy of mobile defense and guerrilla warfare, avoiding costly battles to defend territory and preserving its forces."
10
Which of the following best describes the international situation for the newly formed PRC in 1949?
Explanation: The text lists the initial difficulties as "International Hostility," noting the PRC "was not recognized by most of the world," the U.S. continued to recognize the KMT, and there was an "economic blockade by foreign powers."
11
The "turning point in the war," as declared by Mao Tse-tung, occurred in 1947 after:
Explanation: The text states, "In the spring of 1947, the PLA under Lin Piao launched a series of successful counter-offensives... By September 1947, nearly a quarter of the KMT army had been defeated. Mao declared this phase 'the turning point in the war.'"
12
How did the Agrarian Law of 1950 differ from the Agrarian Reform Law of 1947?
Explanation: The text explicitly states, "The Agrarian Law of 1950 was the first major policy. It was more moderate than the 1947 law... rich peasants were allowed to keep their holdings, and landlords retained their city properties to ensure stability and food production."
13
The mass protests in KMT-controlled areas, such as the "New May Fourth Movement" and "rice riots," were primarily a response to:
Explanation: The text explains that "widespread popular discontent" due to "The KMT's policies and the overbearing presence of American personnel... erupted into mass movements, such as the 'New May Fourth Movement' in 1947, student strikes, worker-led 'rice riots,' and peasant agitations."
14
What was the status of China's UN seat immediately following the Communist victory in 1949?
Explanation: The text clearly states, "The U.S. continued to recognize the KMT regime in Taiwan and ensured China's UN seat remained with them."
15
The term "dual power" in the context of post-WWII China refers to the situation where:
Explanation: The text describes the situation as a "'dual power' structure, with the KMT holding the formal reins of power while the Communists commanded genuine popular support."
16
Who commanded the PLA forces in the successful 1947 counter-offensives that reclaimed most of Manchuria and other northern provinces?
Explanation: The text specifies: "In the spring of 1947, the PLA under Lin Piao launched a series of successful counter-offensives..."
17
The initial scramble for control after Japan's surrender was triggered by Chiang Kai-shek's order for Japanese troops to:
Explanation: The text states, "Chiang Kai-shek, the KMT leader, ordered Japanese troops to surrender exclusively to his commanders, effectively attempting to disarm and sideline the Communist forces."
18
Which of the following was NOT a social reform initiated by the new PRC government?
Explanation: The text lists the eradication of prostitution, opium addiction, gambling, and literacy campaigns as key social changes. Privatization was not a policy; instead, the state guided the private economy and organized labor.
19
The term "Four Big Families" referred to:
Explanation: The text identifies the "Four Big Families" as the group that controlled the KMT government and mortgaged the Chinese economy to the United States.
20
According to the text, the Chinese Revolution of 1949 provided a new revolutionary model for other nations by demonstrating the immense potential of:
Explanation: The significance of the revolution is highlighted as demonstrating "the immense revolutionary potential of the peasantry in agrarian societies, providing a new blueprint for communist movements in the developing world."
21
The KMT's capture of Japanese-held industrial equipment and financial institutions was valued at approximately:
Explanation: The text clearly states, "Upon Japan's surrender, the KMT took control of all Japanese-held industrial equipment and financial institutions, valued at $1,800 million."
22
In the "liberated zones" under Communist control, policing and local defense were primarily handled by:
Explanation: The text notes that as a sign of popular mobilization, "In the Red areas, policing and local defense were effectively handled by peasant organizations."
23
The final Communist offensive began in April 1949, leading to the swift capture of the KMT capital of ________ within three days.
Explanation: The text states, "...the PLA launched its final offensive in April 1949, capturing the KMT capital of Nanking within three days."
24
The principle of "People's Democratic Dictatorship" advocated by Mao involved a coalition of which classes?
Explanation: The text explains the political structure was a united front of the "working class, peasantry, petty bourgeoisie, and national bourgeoisie who had opposed the KMT." Mao's pamphlet is also cited as advocating for this coalition.
25
Which of these was a major economic challenge faced by the new PRC government in 1949?
Explanation: The text lists the initial challenges, stating, "The economy was a total wreck, with galloping inflation, destroyed communications, non-functional industry, and the threat of famine."
26
The global significance of the Chinese Revolution was that it:
1. Marked a major act of decolonization, ending a century of humiliation.
2. Shifted the global balance of forces in favor of socialism.
3. Provided an inspiring example for other colonized nations.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
1. Marked a major act of decolonization, ending a century of humiliation.
2. Shifted the global balance of forces in favor of socialism.
3. Provided an inspiring example for other colonized nations.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Explanation: The text lists all three points under the "Significance of the Revolution." It ended a century of humiliation, changed the global balance of forces, and served as an inspiring example for other colonized nations.
27
The KMT's initial military advantage was undermined because:
Explanation: The text explains the KMT's victories were deceptive because "The KMT, in contrast, had to spread its troops thinly to garrison the vast, hostile territories it had captured. This allowed the PLA to concentrate its forces and attack where the KMT was weak."
28
The phrase "our government," as used by peasants, referred to:
Explanation: The text states that in the Communist-controlled areas, "Peasants referred to the Communist administration as 'our government.'"
29
What was the primary reason for the failure of General Marshall's mediation efforts?
Explanation: The text explicitly states that U.S. attempts to mediate "failed as Chiang refused to compromise on KMT control over Manchuria."
30
Following the civil war, the People's Liberation Army (PLA) was tasked with:
Explanation: The text notes, "It was set to work on reconstruction, rebuilding shattered buildings and infrastructure."
31
The text suggests the decisive factor in the Civil War was ultimately:
Explanation: The text concludes its analysis of the balance of forces by stating, "The decisive factor would ultimately be the quality of life offered by each side, not the size of the territory they controlled."
32
The economic policies of the KMT led to widespread discontent among all of the following groups EXCEPT:
Explanation: The text identifies the "Four Big Families" as the group that controlled the KMT government and benefited from mortgaging the economy to the U.S. The other groups are all listed as being negatively affected by KMT policies.
33
The People's Republic of China was formally proclaimed by Mao Tse-tung on October 1, 1949, in the city of ________.
Explanation: The text states, "On October 1, 1949, Mao Tse-tung formally proclaimed the People's Republic of China in Peking."
34
The end of World War II led to a bipolar world dominated by which two "superpowers"?
Explanation: The text states that the power vacuum left by depleted European powers "was filled by the two new 'superpowers': the USA and the USSR," leading to a bipolar division of the world.
35
Match the following policies/alliances with their primary purpose:
Select the correct match:
| Policy/Alliance | Purpose |
| A. Truman Doctrine | 1. Economic reconstruction of Western Europe |
| B. Marshall Plan | 2. Collective military defense for the Eastern Bloc |
| C. NATO | 3. U.S. pledge to support free peoples against communism |
| D. Warsaw Pact | 4. Collective military defense for the Western Bloc |
Explanation:
A. Truman Doctrine was a pledge to support "free peoples" (A-3).
B. Marshall Plan was for the economic recovery of Western Europe (B-1).
C. NATO was a collective military defense alliance for the West (C-4).
D. Warsaw Pact was the collective military defense for the East (D-2).
A. Truman Doctrine was a pledge to support "free peoples" (A-3).
B. Marshall Plan was for the economic recovery of Western Europe (B-1).
C. NATO was a collective military defense alliance for the West (C-4).
D. Warsaw Pact was the collective military defense for the East (D-2).
36
The "German Question" after WWII was resolved by:
Explanation: The text explains that competition for control led to its partition. The Western zones merged to create the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), and the Soviet Union responded by establishing the German Democratic Republic (GDR).
37
Consider the following statements regarding economic reconstruction in post-war Europe:
1. Western Europe's recovery was heavily reliant on American aid, particularly the Marshall Plan.
2. Eastern Europe generated capital internally, focusing on heavy industry at the expense of consumer goods.
3. Both Western and Eastern Europe successfully implemented agricultural collectivization.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
1. Western Europe's recovery was heavily reliant on American aid, particularly the Marshall Plan.
2. Eastern Europe generated capital internally, focusing on heavy industry at the expense of consumer goods.
3. Both Western and Eastern Europe successfully implemented agricultural collectivization.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct about the Marshall Plan's role. Statement 2 is correct about the East's internal capital generation and focus on heavy industry. Statement 3 is incorrect; agricultural collectivization was a disruptive policy in the East, and Western Europe did not implement it. Poland, in fact, maintained a mostly private agricultural sector.
38
The period of unprecedented economic growth in Western Europe from 1948 to the mid-1970s is known as the ___________.
Explanation: The text explicitly states, "This ushered in a period of unprecedented economic growth, known as the 'long boom'".
39
Which Eastern European country, having liberated itself without the Red Army, was expelled from the Soviet bloc in 1948 and pursued an independent, non-aligned foreign policy?
Explanation: The text identifies Yugoslavia under Tito as a notable exception, stating it "was expelled from the Soviet bloc in 1948 and pursued an independent, non-aligned foreign policy".
40
Arrange the following phases/events of the Cold War in chronological order:
1. Détente
2. Cuban Missile Crisis
3. Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
4. Berlin Blockade
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
1. Détente
2. Cuban Missile Crisis
3. Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
4. Berlin Blockade
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Explanation: The correct sequence is:
4. Berlin Blockade (1948-49)
2. Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)
1. Détente (Began after the 1962 crisis, lasting until the late 1970s)
3. Soviet invasion of Afghanistan (1979), which ended détente.
4. Berlin Blockade (1948-49)
2. Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)
1. Détente (Began after the 1962 crisis, lasting until the late 1970s)
3. Soviet invasion of Afghanistan (1979), which ended détente.
41
The "social democratic consensus" in post-war Western Europe was characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:
Explanation: Privatization was a feature of the "free market" policies that came *after* the breakdown of the social democratic consensus in the late 1970s. The consensus itself featured the *nationalization* of key sectors, not privatization.
42
Assertion (A): Attempts by Eastern European nations to assert national autonomy were often met with force by the Soviet Union.
Reason (R): The Soviet Union suppressed the "Prague Spring" reforms in Czechoslovakia in 1968 and a popular uprising in Hungary in 1956.
Reason (R): The Soviet Union suppressed the "Prague Spring" reforms in Czechoslovakia in 1968 and a popular uprising in Hungary in 1956.
Explanation: The assertion is a general statement about Soviet control. The reason provides two specific, accurate examples of this control being exercised. Therefore, both are true and R provides evidence for A.
43
The high point of the détente period was marked by the signing of the ________ in 1975, which sought to improve cooperation and recognize post-war borders.
Explanation: The text specifically identifies the Helsinki Accords (1975) as the agreement that "sought to improve cooperation and recognize post-war borders in exchange for human rights pledges."
44
What were Mikhail Gorbachev's two main reform policies that preceded the end of the Cold War?
Explanation: The text states, "The policies of glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) under Mikhail Gorbachev weakened the Soviet system."
45
The end of the post-war economic boom in the West was triggered by what event in 1973?
Explanation: The text clearly says, "This era of prosperity ended with the 1973 oil shock, which caused inflation and unemployment."
46
Which of the following statements about post-war political trajectories is INCORRECT based on the provided text?
Explanation: The text explicitly states that Italy was an "exception" to stability, "marked by extreme government instability." The other statements are all presented as correct in the text.
47
The Soviet economic response to the Marshall Plan was the Molotov Plan, which was later institutionalized as:
Explanation: The text says, "The Molotov Plan (1947) / COMECON (1949): The Soviet response to the Marshall Plan... The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON) was its formal institutional body."
48
What symbolic event in November 1989 marked the collapse of the "Iron Curtain"?
Explanation: The text identifies the popular uprisings in 1989 as being "symbolized by the fall of the Berlin Wall."
49
The economic model in the socialist East led to chronic shortages of ________ and a heavy reliance on the West for ________.
Explanation: The text points out "deficiencies in consumer goods and agriculture" and that many countries "became heavily indebted to the West," relying on them for "food grains (like wheat) and capital."
50
Winston Churchill's "Iron Curtain" speech in 1946 described:
Explanation: The speech is mentioned in the context of rising hostilities and the "division of Europe" into two blocs.
51
The "second" Cold War was initiated by which event in 1979?
Explanation: The text explicitly states, "Détente unraveled with the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. This led to a 'second' Cold War".
52
Which of these was NOT a characteristic of the political system in most Eastern Bloc countries?
Explanation: The text describes the Eastern bloc as "politically more uniform," with communist parties monopolizing power. A plurality of systems was a characteristic of Western Europe, not the East.
53
The initial phase of economic recovery in Western Europe (1945-1947) was primarily effected through:
Explanation: The text divides the recovery into phases, stating the "Initial Recovery (1945-1947): Effected through bilateral U.S. loans and UNRRA food aid." The Marshall Plan began in 1948.
54
The Truman Doctrine first provided aid to which two countries resisting communist insurgencies?
Explanation: The General Knowledge Q&A section explicitly states that the Truman Doctrine first provided aid against communist insurgencies in "Greece and Turkey."
55
What was the primary U.S. objective behind the Marshall Plan, aside from humanitarian concerns?
Explanation: The Q&A section clarifies the objective was "To create a bloc of politico-military partners and a trading system permitting unrestricted movement of capital."
56
The Warsaw Pact was created in 1955 as a direct counterbalance to:
Explanation: The text states the Warsaw Pact "was created as a direct counterbalance to NATO."
57
The process of former imperial powers withdrawing from their colonies after WWII is known as _______.
Explanation: The text identifies this process as decolonization, noting it "triggered major political crises in former imperial powers like France (over Algeria) and Belgium (over the Congo)."
58
Which of these arms control treaties, signed during the détente period, aimed to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons?
Explanation: The text mentions several treaties. The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) of 1968 is specifically identified as being designed "to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons."
59
The U.S.-backed fighters who resisted the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan were known as the:
Explanation: The text mentions the "U.S. arming of the Mujahideen in Afghanistan" as part of the "second" Cold War.
60
Which country withdrew from the Soviet bloc and went into complete isolation?
Explanation: The text notes Albania as a notable exception: "Broke with the USSR and withdrew into complete isolation."
61
The Cold War officially ended with:
Explanation: The text clearly states, "The Soviet Union itself formally dissolved in 1991, marking the definitive end of the Cold War."
62
What was the primary method of agricultural organization in Eastern Europe?
Explanation: The text describes "Radical agrarian programs modeled on the Soviet system involved forcing peasants onto collective and state farms," which often disrupted production.
63
The U.S. shift from de-industrializing Germany to rebuilding it as a bulwark against communism was driven by:
Explanation: The text states, "Driven by the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan, the U.S. shifted to a policy of rebuilding West Germany as a bulwark against communism."
64
The conflict over which colony led to the collapse of the Fourth French Republic?
Explanation: The Q&A section clarifies that the crisis of decolonization in France was "over Algeria."
65
The official name for East Germany was the _______, while West Germany was the _______.
Explanation: The text specifies that the three Western zones created the "Federal Republic of Germany (FRG, or West Germany)" and the Soviet zone became the "German Democratic Republic (GDR, or East Germany)."
66
The ideological conflict of the Cold War was between:
Explanation: The introduction states that after the defeat of fascism, the other two major ideologies left to face each other were "liberal democracy, championed by the United States, and socialism, led by the USSR."
67
French society before the revolution was rigidly divided into three "estates." Which of the following correctly describes the Third Estate?
Explanation: The text defines the Third Estate as "Commoners" and states it "Comprised over 97% of the population, ranging from prosperous merchants, lawyers, and officials (the bourgeoisie) to artisans and peasants." The first two estates were the privileged ones.
68
Arrange the following events of the French Revolution in the correct chronological order:
1. The Tennis Court Oath
2. The Storming of the Bastille
3. Convening of the Estates-General
4. The abolition of the feudal system
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
1. The Tennis Court Oath
2. The Storming of the Bastille
3. Convening of the Estates-General
4. The abolition of the feudal system
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Explanation: The correct sequence is:
3. Convening of the Estates-General (May 1789)
1. The Tennis Court Oath (June 20, 1789)
2. Storming of the Bastille (July 14, 1789)
4. Abolition of feudalism (August 4, 1789)
3. Convening of the Estates-General (May 1789)
1. The Tennis Court Oath (June 20, 1789)
2. Storming of the Bastille (July 14, 1789)
4. Abolition of feudalism (August 4, 1789)
69
Assertion (A): France under Louis XVI was on the verge of bankruptcy.
Reason (R): Decades of costly wars, including support for the American War of Independence, and the extravagance of the court at Versailles had drained the treasury.
Reason (R): Decades of costly wars, including support for the American War of Independence, and the extravagance of the court at Versailles had drained the treasury.
Explanation: The text directly links the financial crisis (A) to the reasons listed in (R), stating they "had drained the treasury." Therefore, both are true, and R is the correct explanation for A.
70
The Constitution of 1791 established what form of government in France?
Explanation: The text states, "In 1791, France became a constitutional monarchy." It also specifies that voting rights were limited to "active citizens," who were men over 25 paying a certain amount of taxes.
71
The period from 1793-1794, marked by a policy of severe control and punishment under Maximilien Robespierre, is known as the ___________.
Explanation: The text explicitly states, "The period under the leadership of the Jacobin leader Maximilien Robespierre is known as the Reign of Terror."
72
Match the following figures/groups with their description:
Select the correct match:
| Figure/Group | Description |
| A. Jacobins | 1. Pamphleteer who wrote 'What is the Third Estate?' |
| B. Napoleon Bonaparte | 2. Five-member executive body |
| C. The Directory | 3. The most famous radical political club |
| D. Abbé Sieyès | 4. Military dictator who overthrew the government |
Explanation:
A. The Jacobins were the most famous radical political club (A-3).
B. Napoleon Bonaparte was the military dictator who rose to power (B-4).
C. The Directory was the five-member executive (C-2).
D. Abbé Sieyès wrote the influential pamphlet (D-1).
A. The Jacobins were the most famous radical political club (A-3).
B. Napoleon Bonaparte was the military dictator who rose to power (B-4).
C. The Directory was the five-member executive (C-2).
D. Abbé Sieyès wrote the influential pamphlet (D-1).
73
What was the status of women during the French Revolution?
Explanation: The text notes that "Women were active participants... but they were largely denied political rights and classified as passive citizens." It also mentions their political clubs were banned during the Reign of Terror.
74
The Convention abolished slavery in French colonies in 1794. What was the fate of this decision?
Explanation: The text states, "...this was a short-lived measure, as Napoleon reintroduced slavery ten years later. Slavery was not finally abolished in French colonies until 1848."
75
The "subsistence crisis" in pre-revolutionary France was caused by a combination of:
Explanation: The text details the causes of the subsistence crisis as population growth, grain production not keeping pace, rising bread prices, and stagnant wages, made worse by poor harvests.
76
The 'Taille' was a tax paid by the _______, while 'Tithes' were taxes levied by the _______.
Explanation: The text defines the Taille as a "direct tax" and notes the entire burden fell on the Third Estate. It defines Tithes as "church taxes."
77
The political instability of which government paved the way for the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte?
Explanation: The text explicitly states, "This instability [of the Directory] paved the way for the rise of a military dictator, Napoleon Bonaparte."
78
Which of the following was a key idea from Enlightenment philosophers that influenced the French middle class?
Explanation: The text states the middle class "believed that a person's social position should depend on merit, not birth, and fiercely opposed the system of inherited privilege." This was influenced by Enlightenment philosophers.
79
The "Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen" guaranteed which of the following rights?
Explanation: The text lists the "natural and inalienable" rights established by the Declaration, including "the right to life, freedom of speech, and equality before the law."
80
King Louis XVI was executed by guillotine on the charge of:
Explanation: The text states, "Louis XVI was tried for treason and executed by guillotine on January 21, 1793."
81
When did women in France finally win the right to vote?
Explanation: The text clearly states, "Women in France did not win the right to vote until 1946."
82
The members of the Jacobin club were also known as the ________.
Explanation: The Q&A section mentions that "Jacobin members call themselves San-culottes."
83
Which two Indian figures are mentioned as having responded to the revolutionary ideas from France?
Explanation: The text notes, "Figures in India like Tipu Sultan and Rammohan Roy were among those who responded to the ideas coming from revolutionary France."
84
The initial dispute at the Estates-General was over:
Explanation: The text states, "A dispute immediately arose over the voting procedure: the Third Estate demanded voting by head... while the First and Second Estates insisted on voting by estate."
85
How did the Jacobin government under Robespierre attempt to control the economy?
Explanation: The text notes that Robespierre's government "also imposed economic controls, such as maximum ceilings on wages and prices."
86
The Directory was established with five members as a safeguard against:
Explanation: The text states the Directory was a five-member body, "a measure designed to prevent the concentration of power in a single individual."
87
Who wrote a "Declaration of the Rights of Woman and Citizen" in 1791 to protest the exclusion of women from political rights?
Explanation: The Q&A section identifies Olympe de Gouges as the author of this document.
88
Which of these was a reform introduced by the revolutionary government that improved women's lives, despite the denial of political rights?
Explanation: The text says, "the revolutionary government did introduce some reforms that improved women's lives (e.g., compulsory schooling, legal divorce)".
89
The attack on the Bastille on July 14, 1789, was symbolically important because:
Explanation: The text describes the attack on the "royal fortress and prison in Paris" as the "symbolic start of the revolution," representing a direct assault on royal authority.
90
The French national anthem, 'La Marseillaise', was composed by:
Explanation: The Q&A section explicitly states that 'La Marseillaise' was composed by Roget de L'Isle.
91
The most important and enduring legacy of the French Revolution was:
Explanation: The introduction and conclusion both emphasize that the revolution's "enduring legacy is its powerful ideals of Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity" and the spread of "Liberty and Democratic Rights."
92
France was declared a republic on September 21, 1792, after which of the following events?
Explanation: The text states that in August 1792, the Jacobins imprisoned the king. A new assembly, the Convention, was then elected, and on September 21, 1792, it "abolished the monarchy and declared France a republic."
93
What percentage of the French population was made up of peasants?
Explanation: The text says the Third Estate was over 97% of the population, and that "Peasants alone made up about 90% of the population."
94
The abolition of censorship in 1789 led to:
Explanation: The Q&A section notes that the abolition of censorship in 1789 led to "a flood of newspapers and pamphlets."
95
Who was a prominent noble who sided with the Third Estate and was a leading figure in the National Assembly?
Explanation: The text identifies Mirabeau, along with Abbé Sieyès, as a leader of the Third Estate representatives who formed the National Assembly. The Q&A also identifies him as a noble who sided with them.
96
The practice of addressing people as "Citoyen" and "Citoyenne" was promoted during which phase of the revolution?
Explanation: The Q&A section mentions this change in address was practiced during the Reign of Terror to promote equality.
97
Which of these statements about Napoleon Bonaparte is supported by the text?
Explanation: The text states he crowned himself Emperor in 1804, that his armies were eventually seen as invading forces (not liberators), that he reintroduced slavery, and that he was defeated at Waterloo in 1815. He overthrew the Directory, he did not establish it.
98
Slavery was finally abolished in all French colonies in the year _______.
Explanation: The text states, "Slavery was not finally abolished in French colonies until 1848."
99
The rise of a prosperous and educated ________ within the Third Estate was a key factor leading to the revolution.
Explanation: The text highlights "The Rise of the Middle Class," stating that the 18th century saw the emergence of a prosperous and educated group (bourgeoisie) that was influenced by Enlightenment ideas and opposed the system of privilege.
100
What was "Livre"?
Explanation: The Q&A section defines Livre as "A unit of currency in France, discontinued in 1794."