UPSC Indian Polity Mock Test: 100 MCQs on Constituent Assembly, Preamble & DPSP
Are you preparing for the UPSC Civil Services or other competitive exams? Indian Polity is a crucial subject, and its foundational pillars—the making of the Constitution, its philosophical heart in the Preamble, and its socio-economic goals in the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP)—are frequently tested areas.
To help you master these core topics, we have designed a comprehensive mock test featuring 100 high-quality questions. This test is structured to mirror the latest UPSC exam pattern, with a challenging mix of statement-based, table-matching, and direct factual questions. Each question is followed by a detailed explanation to solidify your understanding and aid in effective revision.
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Result:
1
Consider the following statements regarding the initial composition of the Constituent Assembly of India:
1. The total strength of the Assembly was fixed at 389 members.
2. Seats were allocated based on a rough proportion of one seat per million people.
3. Representatives of the princely states were directly elected by the people of those states.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
1. The total strength of the Assembly was fixed at 389 members.
2. Seats were allocated based on a rough proportion of one seat per million people.
3. Representatives of the princely states were directly elected by the people of those states.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
1 and 3 only
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1, 2 and 3
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct as the total strength was 389. Statement 2 is correct as seats were allocated in proportion to the population, roughly one seat for every million. Statement 3 is incorrect as the representatives of princely states were to be nominated by the heads of those states, not elected.
2
The Indian Independence Act of 1947 brought about which of the following changes in the position of the Constituent Assembly?
1. The Assembly was made a fully sovereign body.
2. The Assembly also became a legislative body.
3. The total strength of the Assembly increased to 399 after the inclusion of more members.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
1. The Assembly was made a fully sovereign body.
2. The Assembly also became a legislative body.
3. The total strength of the Assembly increased to 399 after the inclusion of more members.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
1 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 2 only
1, 2 and 3
Explanation: The Indian Independence Act of 1947 made the Assembly a fully sovereign body, free to frame any Constitution. It also became a legislative body. However, the withdrawal of Muslim League members from Pakistan areas reduced the total strength of the Assembly to 299, not increased it. Thus, statements 1 and 2 are correct.
3
Match the following committees of the Constituent Assembly with their respective Chairmen:
| List-I (Committee) | List-II (Chairman) |
|---|---|
| A. Union Powers Committee | 1. Sardar Patel |
| B. Provincial Constitution Committee | 2. Dr. Rajendra Prasad |
| C. Steering Committee | 3. Jawaharlal Nehru |
| D. Drafting Committee | 4. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar |
A-1, B-3, C-4, D-2
A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4
A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4
A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3
Explanation: The correct matches are:
Union Powers Committee: Jawaharlal Nehru
Provincial Constitution Committee: Sardar Patel
Steering Committee: Dr. Rajendra Prasad
Drafting Committee: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.
Therefore, the correct code is A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4.
Union Powers Committee: Jawaharlal Nehru
Provincial Constitution Committee: Sardar Patel
Steering Committee: Dr. Rajendra Prasad
Drafting Committee: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.
Therefore, the correct code is A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4.
4
Who was elected as the temporary President of the Constituent Assembly during its first meeting?
Dr. Rajendra Prasad
Dr. Sachchidananda Sinha
H.C. Mukherjee
Jawaharlal Nehru
Explanation: Dr. Sachchidananda Sinha, the oldest member, was elected as the temporary President of the Assembly, following the French practice, for its first meeting on December 9, 1946.
5
Which of the following criticisms were leveled against the Constituent Assembly?
1. It was not a representative body as members were not directly elected.
2. It was considered a sovereign body from its very inception in November 1946.
3. It was dominated by lawyers and politicians.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
1. It was not a representative body as members were not directly elected.
2. It was considered a sovereign body from its very inception in November 1946.
3. It was dominated by lawyers and politicians.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
1 and 3 only
2 only
1, 2 and 3
3 only
Explanation: Critics argued that the Assembly was not a representative body because its members were indirectly elected. It was also criticized for being dominated by lawyers and politicians. Statement 2 is incorrect; it was criticized for *not* being a sovereign body initially, as it was created by British proposals. It became sovereign only after the Indian Independence Act of 1947.
6
Consider the following statements about the Drafting Committee:
1. It was set up on August 29, 1947, and consisted of seven members.
2. N. Madhava Rau replaced B.L. Mitter who resigned due to ill-health.
3. T.T. Krishnamachari was an original member of the committee from its inception.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
1. It was set up on August 29, 1947, and consisted of seven members.
2. N. Madhava Rau replaced B.L. Mitter who resigned due to ill-health.
3. T.T. Krishnamachari was an original member of the committee from its inception.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
1 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 2 only
1, 2 and 3
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is also correct; N. Madhava Rau was brought in to replace B.L. Mitter. Statement 3 is incorrect; T.T. Krishnamachari replaced D.P. Khaitan who died in 1948, he was not an original member.
7
The 'Objectives Resolution', which later became the Preamble, was moved in the Constituent Assembly by __________.
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
Dr. Rajendra Prasad
Jawaharlal Nehru
Explanation: On December 13, 1946, Jawaharlal Nehru presented the historic 'Objectives Resolution'. This resolution outlined the fundamental principles and philosophy that would guide the framing of the Constitution.
8
On which date was the Constitution of India adopted and enacted by the Constituent Assembly?
November 26, 1949
January 26, 1950
August 15, 1947
December 9, 1946
Explanation: The motion on the Draft Constitution was declared passed on November 26, 1949. This date is mentioned in the Preamble as the day the people of India adopted, enacted, and gave to themselves the Constitution.
9
Which of the following statements correctly describes the method of election for members of the Constituent Assembly from British India?
1. They were directly elected by the people based on universal adult franchise.
2. They were elected by the members of the provincial legislative assemblies.
3. The voting method was proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
1. They were directly elected by the people based on universal adult franchise.
2. They were elected by the members of the provincial legislative assemblies.
3. The voting method was proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
1 only
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1, 2 and 3
Explanation: The members were not directly elected; they were indirectly elected by the members of the provincial assemblies. The voting was done by the method of proportional representation using a single transferable vote. Therefore, statements 2 and 3 are correct.
10
What was the immediate effect of the Muslim League's boycott of the first meeting of the Constituent Assembly?
The Assembly was dissolved immediately.
The attendance at the first meeting was reduced to 211 members.
The British government cancelled the Cabinet Mission Plan.
Dr. Rajendra Prasad refused to become the President.
Explanation: The first meeting of the Constituent Assembly took place on December 9, 1946. The Muslim League boycotted this meeting, insisting on their demand for Pakistan. As a result, only 211 members attended the first meeting.
11
When the Constituent Assembly met as a legislative body, who chaired the meeting?
Dr. Rajendra Prasad
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
G.V. Mavlankar
Dr. Sachchidananda Sinha
Explanation: The Constituent Assembly also became a legislative body. When it met as the Constituent body, it was chaired by Dr. Rajendra Prasad, and when it met as the legislative body, it was chaired by G.V. Mavlankar.
12
Who is recognised as the 'Father of the Constitution of India'?
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
Jawaharlal Nehru
Mahatma Gandhi
Sardar Patel
Explanation: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, for his pivotal role as the Chairman of the Drafting Committee, is recognized as the 'Father of the Constitution of India'.
13
Consider the assertion and reason:
Assertion (A): The Constituent Assembly was criticized for being dominated by the Congress party.
Reason (R): In the elections held for the 296 seats from British India, the Indian National Congress won 208 seats.
Select the correct answer from the codes below:
Assertion (A): The Constituent Assembly was criticized for being dominated by the Congress party.
Reason (R): In the elections held for the 296 seats from British India, the Indian National Congress won 208 seats.
Select the correct answer from the codes below:
Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
A is true, but R is false.
A is false, but R is true.
Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: The assertion that the Assembly was dominated by Congress is a known criticism. The reason provided is the factual election result, where the Congress won a massive majority (208 out of 296 seats), which directly led to this dominance. Therefore, R is the correct explanation for A.
14
Which of the following functions were performed by the Constituent Assembly of India, apart from constitution-making?
1. Ratification of India's membership of the Commonwealth.
2. Adoption of the national flag.
3. Election of the first President of India.
4. Appointing the first Prime Minister of India.
Select the correct answer from the codes below:
1. Ratification of India's membership of the Commonwealth.
2. Adoption of the national flag.
3. Election of the first President of India.
4. Appointing the first Prime Minister of India.
Select the correct answer from the codes below:
1 and 2 only
1, 2 and 3 only
3 and 4 only
1, 2, 3 and 4
Explanation: The Constituent Assembly ratified India's Commonwealth membership in May 1949, adopted the national flag on July 22, 1947, and elected Dr. Rajendra Prasad as the first President of India on January 24, 1950. Appointing the Prime Minister was not one of its functions.
15
The idea of a Constituent Assembly for India was first proposed by ________ in 1934.
Jawaharlal Nehru
Mahatma Gandhi
M.N. Roy
The Indian National Congress
Explanation: The idea of a Constituent Assembly to frame the Constitution for India was first proposed by M.N. Roy, a pioneer of the communist movement in India, in 1934.
16
When did the Constituent Assembly adopt the national anthem?
July 22, 1947
November 26, 1949
January 24, 1950
January 26, 1950
Explanation: The Constituent Assembly adopted the national anthem on January 24, 1950. It also adopted the national song on the same day.
17
Fill in the blank: The Constituent Assembly took two years, eleven months, and eighteen days to finalize the Constitution, holding a total of ___ sessions.
9
10
11
12
Explanation: The Constituent Assembly had 11 sessions over two years, 11 months, and 18 days.
18
Who among the following was NOT a member of the Drafting Committee?
N. Gopalaswamy Ayyangar
Dr. K.M. Munshi
Syed Mohammad Saadullah
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
Explanation: Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was the chairman of the Provincial Constitution Committee and the Advisory Committee on Fundamental Rights, Minorities and Tribal and Excluded Areas, but he was not a member of the Drafting Committee.
19
Consider the following statements regarding the enforcement of the Constitution:
1. The entire Constitution came into force on January 26, 1950.
2. Provisions related to citizenship and elections came into force on November 26, 1949.
3. January 26 was chosen as the date of commencement to commemorate the 'Purna Swaraj' day of 1930.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
1. The entire Constitution came into force on January 26, 1950.
2. Provisions related to citizenship and elections came into force on November 26, 1949.
3. January 26 was chosen as the date of commencement to commemorate the 'Purna Swaraj' day of 1930.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
1 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 3 only
1, 2 and 3
Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect because some provisions came into force on November 26, 1949. Statements 2 and 3 are correct. Provisions relating to citizenship, elections, provisional parliament, etc., came into force on November 26, 1949, itself. The date January 26 was chosen for its historical significance related to the 'Purna Swaraj' day celebrated since 1930.
20
The demand for a Constituent Assembly was officially accepted in principle by the British Government in the __________.
Cripps Mission
August Offer
Cabinet Mission Plan
Government of India Act, 1935
Explanation: The demand for a Constituent Assembly, first made by the INC in 1935, was officially accepted in principle by the British Government in what is known as the 'August Offer' of 1940.
21
Who were the two Vice-Presidents of the Constituent Assembly?
H.C. Mukherjee and B.N. Rau
V.T. Krishnamachari and B.L. Mitter
H.C. Mukherjee and V.T. Krishnamachari
K.M. Munshi and H.C. Mukherjee
Explanation: After Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected as the President, H.C. Mukherjee and V.T. Krishnamachari were elected as the two Vice-Presidents of the Assembly.
22
Which amendment to the Constitution added the words 'Socialist', 'Secular', and 'Integrity' to the Preamble?
44th Amendment Act, 1978
24th Amendment Act, 1971
42nd Amendment Act, 1976
1st Amendment Act, 1951
Explanation: The Preamble has been amended only once by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act (1976), which added three new words: Socialist, Secular, and Integrity.
23
Consider the following statements regarding the Preamble of the Indian Constitution:
1. It is based on the 'Objectives Resolution' moved by Jawaharlal Nehru.
2. It is a source of power for the legislature.
3. Its provisions are enforceable in courts of law.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
1. It is based on the 'Objectives Resolution' moved by Jawaharlal Nehru.
2. It is a source of power for the legislature.
3. Its provisions are enforceable in courts of law.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
1 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 2 only
1, 2 and 3
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. However, statements 2 and 3 are incorrect. The Preamble is neither a source of power for the legislature nor a prohibition upon its powers. It is also non-justiciable, meaning its provisions are not enforceable in courts.
24
Arrange the following words from the Preamble in the order they appear:
1. DEMOCRATIC
2. SOCIALIST
3. SOVEREIGN
4. SECULAR
5. REPUBLIC
Select the correct sequence from the codes below.
1. DEMOCRATIC
2. SOCIALIST
3. SOVEREIGN
4. SECULAR
5. REPUBLIC
Select the correct sequence from the codes below.
3-4-2-1-5
3-2-4-1-5
2-3-4-1-5
3-2-1-4-5
Explanation: The Preamble declares India to be a "SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC". Therefore, the correct order is 3-2-4-1-5.
25
The ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity in the Preamble have been taken from the ___________.
Russian Revolution
French Revolution
American Declaration of Independence
Irish Constitution
Explanation: The ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity in our Preamble were taken from the French Revolution (1789–1799).
26
In which landmark case did the Supreme Court hold for the first time that the Preamble is a part of the Constitution, overturning its earlier opinion?
Golaknath case (1967)
Minerva Mills case (1980)
Kesavananda Bharati case (1973)
Berubari Union case (1960)
Explanation: In the Berubari Union case (1960), the Supreme Court held that the Preamble was not part of the Constitution. However, this was overturned in the Kesavananda Bharati case (1973), where the Court held that the Preamble is a part of the Constitution.
27
Who described the Preamble as the "identity card of the Constitution"?
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
N.A. Palkhivala
K.M. Munshi
Sir Ernest Barker
Explanation: N.A. Palkhivala, an eminent jurist and constitutional expert, referred to the Preamble as the "identity card of the Constitution".
28
The term 'democratic' in the Preamble is used in a broader sense, encompassing not just political democracy but also ____________.
religious and cultural democracy
social and economic democracy
direct and indirect democracy
parliamentary and presidential democracy
Explanation: The term 'democratic' in the Preamble is used in a broad sense, including social and economic democracy, not just political democracy, which is based on the doctrine of popular sovereignty.
29
What does the term 'Republic' in the Preamble signify?
1. The head of the state is always elected for a fixed period.
2. Political sovereignty is vested in a single individual like a king.
3. All public offices are open to every citizen without discrimination.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
1. The head of the state is always elected for a fixed period.
2. Political sovereignty is vested in a single individual like a king.
3. All public offices are open to every citizen without discrimination.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
1 only
1 and 3 only
2 and 3 only
1, 2 and 3
Explanation: 'Republic' means the head of state (the President in India) is elected for a fixed term. It also means that political sovereignty is vested in the people (not a monarch), and all public offices are open to all citizens without discrimination. Statement 2 is incorrect.
30
Match the following descriptions of the Preamble with the person who said it:
| List-I (Description) | List-II (Person) |
|---|---|
| A. "Horoscope of our sovereign democratic republic" | 1. Pandit Thakur Das Bhargava |
| B. "Soul of the Constitution" | 2. Sir Ernest Barker |
| C. "Key-note to the Constitution" | 3. K.M. Munshi |
A-1, B-2, C-3
A-3, B-1, C-2
A-2, B-3, C-1
A-3, B-2, C-1
Explanation: The correct matches are:
"Horoscope of our sovereign democratic republic": K.M. Munshi
"Soul of the Constitution": Pandit Thakur Das Bhargava
"Key-note to the Constitution": Sir Ernest Barker
Therefore, the correct code is A-3, B-1, C-2.
"Horoscope of our sovereign democratic republic": K.M. Munshi
"Soul of the Constitution": Pandit Thakur Das Bhargava
"Key-note to the Constitution": Sir Ernest Barker
Therefore, the correct code is A-3, B-1, C-2.
31
The Indian brand of socialism is described as 'democratic socialism' which believes in a ________.
command economy with no private sector
completely capitalist free-market economy
'mixed economy' where public and private sectors co-exist
welfare state run exclusively by the private sector
Explanation: The Indian brand of socialism is 'democratic socialism', which, unlike communist socialism, believes in a 'mixed economy' where both public and private sectors coexist harmoniously.
32
What are the four key ingredients or components revealed by the Preamble?
The powers of the Parliament, Judiciary, Executive, and President.
Fundamental Rights, DPSP, Fundamental Duties, and Emergency Provisions.
Source of authority, Nature of Indian State, Objectives of the Constitution, and Date of adoption.
The names of all members of the Constituent Assembly, the date of enactment, and the signature of the President.
Explanation: The Preamble reveals four key components: 1. Source of authority of the Constitution (the people of India). 2. Nature of the Indian State (Sovereign, Socialist, etc.). 3. Objectives of the Constitution (Justice, Liberty, etc.). 4. Date of adoption of the Constitution (November 26, 1949).
33
The Preamble states that the Constitution derives its authority from ________.
The British Parliament
The Constituent Assembly of India
The people of India
The Government of India Act, 1935
Explanation: The Preamble begins with the words "WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA...", which signifies that the Constitution derives its ultimate authority from the people of India.
34
The ideal of justice—social, economic, and political—in the Preamble has been taken from the __________.
Russian Revolution (1917)
French Revolution (1789)
American Civil War
Glorious Revolution (1688)
Explanation: The Preamble embraces three forms of justice: social, economic, and political. This ideal of justice has been taken from the Russian Revolution of 1917.
35
The concept of Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) in the Indian Constitution was borrowed from the Constitution of which country?
United Kingdom
Ireland
United States of America
Canada
Explanation: The concept of Directive Principles of State Policy was borrowed from the Irish Constitution of 1937, which had itself taken it from the Spanish Constitution.
36
Which of the following statements correctly describes the nature of Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP)?
1. They are legally enforceable by the courts for their violation.
2. They are fundamental in the governance of the country.
3. It is the duty of the State to apply these principles in making laws.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
1. They are legally enforceable by the courts for their violation.
2. They are fundamental in the governance of the country.
3. It is the duty of the State to apply these principles in making laws.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
1 only
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1, 2 and 3
Explanation: DPSPs are non-justiciable and cannot be legally enforced by courts (Statement 1 is incorrect). However, Article 37 declares that they are 'fundamental in the governance of the country' and it is the 'duty of the State to apply these principles in making laws' (Statements 2 and 3 are correct).
37
Which of the following Directive Principles is based on Gandhian ideology?
To secure for all citizens a uniform civil code.
To separate the judiciary from the executive.
To organise village panchayats as units of self-government.
To provide free legal aid to the poor.
Explanation: Organising village panchayats (Article 40) is a core Gandhian principle representing his program of reconstruction. A uniform civil code and separation of judiciary are liberal-intellectual principles, while free legal aid is a socialistic principle.
38
Which part of the Indian Constitution contains the Directive Principles of State Policy?
Part III
Part IV
Part IVA
Part V
Explanation: The Directive Principles of State Policy are enumerated in Part IV of the Indian Constitution, from Articles 36 to 51.
39
The 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 added which of the following new Directive Principles?
1. To provide free legal aid to the poor (Article 39A).
2. To minimise inequalities in income, status, facilities, and opportunities (Article 38).
3. To protect and improve the environment and safeguard forests and wildlife (Article 48A).
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
1. To provide free legal aid to the poor (Article 39A).
2. To minimise inequalities in income, status, facilities, and opportunities (Article 38).
3. To protect and improve the environment and safeguard forests and wildlife (Article 48A).
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
1 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 3 only
1, 2 and 3
Explanation: The 42nd Amendment added four new DPSPs, including free legal aid to the poor (Article 39A) and protection of the environment (Article 48A). The directive to minimise inequalities (Article 38) was added by the 44th Amendment Act, 1978.
40
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar described the Directive Principles as __________ of the Indian Constitution.
'the soul of the constitution'
'novel features'
'a cheque on a bank, payable only when the resources permit'
'the conscience of the constitution'
Explanation: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar referred to the Directive Principles of State Policy as 'novel features' of the Indian Constitution. Granville Austin considered the DPSP along with Fundamental Rights as the 'Conscience of the Constitution'.
41
Consider the following Directive Principles:
1. Secure a living wage for all workers (Article 43).
2. Organise village panchayats (Article 40).
3. Prohibit the slaughter of cows (Article 48).
4. Secure a uniform civil code (Article 44).
Which of the above are classified as Liberal-Intellectual Principles?
1. Secure a living wage for all workers (Article 43).
2. Organise village panchayats (Article 40).
3. Prohibit the slaughter of cows (Article 48).
4. Secure a uniform civil code (Article 44).
Which of the above are classified as Liberal-Intellectual Principles?
1 only
2 and 3 only
4 only
1, 2, 3 and 4
Explanation: Securing a uniform civil code (Article 44) is a Liberal-Intellectual principle. Securing a living wage is a Socialistic principle. Organising village panchayats and prohibiting cow slaughter are Gandhian principles.
42
The 86th Amendment Act, 2002, changed the subject matter of which Article, requiring the State to provide early childhood care and education for all children until they complete the age of six years?
Article 45
Article 41
Article 46
Article 21A
Explanation: The 86th Amendment Act of 2002 changed the subject matter of Article 45 and made elementary education a fundamental right under Article 21A. The amended directive in Article 45 requires the State to provide early childhood care and education for all children until they complete the age of six years.
43
Which of the following statements explains why the framers of the Constitution made the Directive Principles non-justiciable?
1. The country did not possess sufficient financial resources to implement them.
2. The presence of vast diversity and backwardness in the country would be a hindrance.
3. They wanted the judiciary to have supreme power over the legislature in matters of policy.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
1. The country did not possess sufficient financial resources to implement them.
2. The presence of vast diversity and backwardness in the country would be a hindrance.
3. They wanted the judiciary to have supreme power over the legislature in matters of policy.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
1 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 2 only
1, 2 and 3
Explanation: The framers made the DPSPs non-justiciable primarily due to insufficient financial resources and the vast diversity and backwardness of the newly independent nation. Statement 3 is incorrect; making them non-justiciable was intended to give the legislature flexibility in policy-making, not to cede power to the judiciary in this domain.
44
Who described the Directive Principles as 'a veritable dustbin of sentiments'?
K.T. Shah
Sir Ivor Jennings
T.T. Krishnamachari
K. Santhanam
Explanation: In a critical remark on their non-justiciable nature and arrangement, T.T. Krishnamachari described the Directive Principles as 'a veritable dustbin of sentiments'.
45
The principle of 'equal pay for equal work' for both men and women is enshrined in which Article of the Constitution?
Article 39
Article 41
Article 42
Article 43
Explanation: Article 39, a socialistic principle, directs the state to secure, among other things, equal pay for equal work for both men and women.
46
The 97th Amendment Act of 2011 added a new Directive Principle related to __________.
Panchayati Raj Institutions
Worker participation in management
Co-operative societies
Protection of environment
Explanation: The 97th Amendment Act of 2011 added a new Directive Principle in Article 43B, requiring the state to promote voluntary formation, autonomous functioning, democratic control, and professional management of co-operative societies.
47
Which case established the legal position that in any conflict between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles, the former would prevail?
Golaknath case (1967)
Champakam Dorairajan case (1951)
Minerva Mills case (1980)
Kesavananda Bharati case (1973)
Explanation: In the Champakam Dorairajan case (1951), the Supreme Court ruled that in any conflict, Fundamental Rights would prevail over the Directive Principles. It stated that DPSPs must conform to and run as subsidiary to Fundamental Rights.
48
The DPSP to 'promote international peace and security' is specified under which article?
Article 50
Article 51
Article 49
Article 48A
Explanation: Article 51, a Liberal-Intellectual Principle, directs the state to promote international peace and security, maintain just relations between nations, and encourage the settlement of international disputes by arbitration.
49
In the Minerva Mills case (1980), the Supreme Court held that:
Directive Principles are superior to Fundamental Rights.
Parliament can amend any part of the Constitution, including the basic structure.
The Indian Constitution is founded on the balance between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles, which is a basic feature.
Article 31C, as extended by the 42nd Amendment, is fully valid.
Explanation: In the Minerva Mills case (1980), the Supreme Court invalidated the extension of Article 31C's scope by the 42nd Amendment. It famously ruled that the Indian Constitution is founded on the bedrock of the balance between the Fundamental Rights and the Directive Principles, and this balance is an essential feature of the basic structure of the Constitution.
50
Fill in the blank: The term 'State' in Part IV (DPSP) has the same meaning as in ________.
Part III (Fundamental Rights)
Part V (The Union)
The Preamble
Part VI (The States)
Explanation: According to Article 36, the term 'State' in Part IV has the same meaning as in Part III (Fundamental Rights), unless the context otherwise requires. It encompasses all levels of government and public authorities.
51
Consider the following assertions regarding the composition of the Constituent Assembly:
1. Seat allocation in British India was divided only among Muslims and the General category.
2. The members from British India were indirectly elected, whereas members from princely states were nominated.
3. Mahatma Gandhi and Mohammed Ali Jinnah were prominent members of the Assembly.
Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?
1. Seat allocation in British India was divided only among Muslims and the General category.
2. The members from British India were indirectly elected, whereas members from princely states were nominated.
3. Mahatma Gandhi and Mohammed Ali Jinnah were prominent members of the Assembly.
Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?
2 only
1 and 3 only
1 and 2 only
1, 2 and 3
Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect; seats were divided among three communities—Muslims, Sikhs, and General. Statement 3 is incorrect; Mahatma Gandhi was a notable exception and was not a member. Members of the Muslim League (including Jinnah) who were from areas that became Pakistan withdrew from the Assembly. Statement 2 is correct. Therefore, statements 1 and 3 are incorrect.
52
Which statement best explains the concept of 'positive secularism' embodied in the Indian Constitution?
The state has no religion and is hostile to all religions.
The state promotes one religion over others.
The state gives equal respect to all religions and protects all religions equally.
The state and religion are completely separate, with no interaction between them.
Explanation: The Indian Constitution embodies a positive concept of secularism. This means the state does not have an official religion but gives equal respect to all religions and protects all religions equally, unlike the Western concept which implies a strict separation between religion and state.
53
Assertion (A): The Directive Principles are akin to the 'Instrument of Instructions' from the Government of India Act of 1935.
Reason (R): The Directive Principles are instructions directed towards the legislature and the executive to establish a 'welfare state'.
Select the correct answer from the codes below:
Reason (R): The Directive Principles are instructions directed towards the legislature and the executive to establish a 'welfare state'.
Select the correct answer from the codes below:
Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
A is true, but R is false.
Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
A is false, but R is true.
Explanation: Assertion (A) is a factual statement mentioned by Dr. Ambedkar. Reason (R) correctly explains the nature and purpose of these instructions, which is to guide the state in its policy-making. The 'Instrument of Instructions' also served a similar purpose for the Governor-General and governors. Thus, R is the correct explanation for A.
54
How many members signed the Constitution of India on November 26, 1949?
299
296
284
389
Explanation: On November 26, 1949, out of a total of 299 members of the Assembly, 284 members were present and signed the Constitution.
55
Regarding the amendability of the Preamble, the Supreme Court in the Kesavananda Bharati case held that:
The Preamble cannot be amended under any circumstances.
The Preamble can be amended, but only to add new words, not to remove existing ones.
The Preamble can be amended under Article 368, provided the 'basic features' of the Constitution are not altered.
Only the Parliament, with a special majority and ratification by half of the states, can amend the Preamble.
Explanation: The question of amendability arose in the Kesavananda Bharati case (1973). The Supreme Court held that the Preamble is part of the Constitution and can be amended under Article 368, but this power is not unlimited. The amendment should not damage or destroy the 'basic features' or fundamental structure of the Constitution.
56
Which article under DPSP directs the state to 'separate the judiciary from the executive in the public services of the State'?
Article 48A
Article 49
Article 50
Article 51
Explanation: Article 50, a Liberal-Intellectual Principle, directs the state to take steps to separate the judiciary from the executive in the public services of the State. This is crucial for ensuring judicial independence.
57
Who among the following was the Constitutional Advisor to the Constituent Assembly?
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
K.M. Munshi
Sir B.N. Rau
Alladi Krishnaswamy Ayyar
Explanation: Sir B.N. Rau was appointed as the Constitutional Advisor to the Constituent Assembly. It was on his advice that the rights of an individual were divided into justiciable (Fundamental Rights) and non-justiciable (DPSP) categories.
58
The purpose of the Directive Principles of State Policy is to establish:
Political democracy
A welfare state
A police state
A federal structure
Explanation: The Directive Principles outline a comprehensive program for a modern democratic state. They embody the concept of a 'welfare state', which aims at social and economic justice, rather than a 'police state' which is primarily concerned with maintaining law and order.
59
What are the three dimensions of 'Justice' mentioned in the Preamble?
Individual, Societal, National
Legislative, Executive, Judicial
Social, Economic, Political
Cultural, Religious, Regional
Explanation: The Preamble aims to secure for all its citizens JUSTICE, which is specified in three distinct forms: Social, Economic, and Political.
60
The final reading of the Draft Constitution in the Assembly was completed on __________.
January 24, 1950
October 17, 1949
November 26, 1949
November 4, 1948
Explanation: After three readings, the motion on the Draft Constitution was declared as passed on November 26, 1949, which marked the completion of the final reading and the adoption of the Constitution.
61
The principle 'To protect and improve the environment and to safeguard forests and wildlife' (Article 48A) falls under which category of Directive Principles?
Gandhian
Socialistic
Liberal-Intellectual
Fundamental Duties
Explanation: Article 48A, which deals with the protection of the environment, is classified under the Liberal-Intellectual principles. It was added by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976.
62
Which one of the following is NOT an objective of the Constitution as specified in the Preamble?
Justice
Liberty
Freedom of Religion
Equality
Explanation: The Preamble specifies Justice, Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity as the core objectives. While 'Liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship' is mentioned, 'Freedom of Religion' as a specific term is a Fundamental Right under Article 25, not an explicitly stated objective in the Preamble's introductory list.
63
The DPSP to 'promote cottage industries in rural areas' (Article 43) is based on the principles of ___________.
Liberalism
Socialism
Gandhism
Communism
Explanation: The promotion of cottage industries on an individual or co-operation basis in rural areas (Article 43) is a principle based on the ideals of Mahatma Gandhi and represents his program of reconstruction.
64
The total expenditure incurred on the making of the Constitution was approximately:
₹1 crore
₹64 lakh
₹25 lakh
₹5 crore
Explanation: The total expenditure on making the Constitution amounted to ₹64 lakh.
65
Which article directs the State to provide for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief?
Article 41
Article 42
Article 43
Article 39A
Explanation: Article 42, a Socialistic Principle, directs the State to make provision for securing just and humane conditions of work and for maternity relief.
66
Who remarked about the Constituent Assembly, "The Assembly was the Congress and the Congress was India"?
Granville Austin
Lord Viscount Simon
Winston Churchill
Clement Attlee
Explanation: In his critique of the Assembly being dominated by the Indian National Congress, American constitutional expert Granville Austin remarked, "The Assembly was the Congress and the Congress was India".
67
The term 'Fraternity' in the Preamble aims to assure which two things?
Justice and Liberty
Equality and Justice
Dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation
Sovereignty of the people and the authority of the Constitution
Explanation: The Preamble states that Fraternity must assure two things: "the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation". The word 'integrity' was added by the 42nd Amendment.
68
Which Constitutional Amendment inserted Article 31C, giving primacy to certain Directive Principles over some Fundamental Rights?
24th Amendment Act, 1971
25th Amendment Act, 1971
42nd Amendment Act, 1976
44th Amendment Act, 1978
Explanation: The 25th Amendment Act of 1971 inserted the new Article 31C, which gave primacy to the Directive Principles in Articles 39(b) and 39(c) over the Fundamental Rights guaranteed by Articles 14, 19, and 31.
69
Why did the seats allotted to the princely states in the Constituent Assembly initially remain vacant?
The British government did not allow them to join.
There was a dispute over the number of seats.
They decided to stay away from the Assembly.
Elections could not be held in the princely states.
Explanation: The 93 seats allotted to the princely states were not filled initially as the heads of these states decided to stay away from the Constituent Assembly.
70
The DPSP to promote the educational and economic interests of SCs, STs, and other weaker sections is listed under which article?
Article 46
Article 45
Article 47
Article 41
Explanation: Article 46, a Gandhian Principle, directs the state to promote with special care the educational and economic interests of the weaker sections of the people, and, in particular, of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes.
71
The concept of 'Liberty' in the Preamble is qualified, not absolute. This means:
Liberty is only available to certain citizens.
It does not mean a license to do what one likes and is subject to reasonable restrictions.
Liberty can be suspended at any time by the government.
It only refers to political liberty and not personal liberty.
Explanation: Liberty as conceived by the Preamble is not absolute but qualified. This means it is not a license to do anything one wants and has to be enjoyed within the limitations mentioned in the Constitution itself (i.e., reasonable restrictions).
72
Who described the Directive Principles as 'pious superfluities' and compared them to 'a cheque on a bank, payable only when the resources of the bank permit'?
K.T. Shah
Sir Ivor Jennings
T.T. Krishnamachari
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
Explanation: Criticizing their non-justiciable character, K.T. Shah called the DPSPs 'pious superfluities' and famously likened them to 'a cheque on a bank, payable only when the resources of the bank permit'.
73
When did the Constituent Assembly adopt the national flag of India?
January 24, 1950
July 22, 1947
August 15, 1947
November 26, 1949
Explanation: The Constituent Assembly adopted the national flag on July 22, 1947.
74
In which case did the Supreme Court reiterate that the Preamble is an integral part of the Constitution, following the Kesavananda Bharati verdict?
Minerva Mills case (1980)
Golaknath case (1967)
LIC of India case (1995)
Berubari Union case (1960)
Explanation: In the LIC of India case (1995), the Supreme Court once again upheld the view from the Kesavananda Bharati case and stated that the Preamble is an integral part of the Constitution.
75
Which article under DPSP is concerned with the prohibition of the consumption of intoxicating drinks and drugs injurious to health?
Article 46
Article 47
Article 48
Article 39
Explanation: Article 47, a Gandhian Principle, directs the state to endeavour to bring about prohibition of the consumption, except for medicinal purposes, of intoxicating drinks and of drugs which are injurious to health.
76
The Constitution as adopted on November 26, 1949, contained a Preamble, ___ Articles, and ___ Schedules.
395 Articles, 10 Schedules
395 Articles, 8 Schedules
448 Articles, 12 Schedules
350 Articles, 8 Schedules
Explanation: The Constitution, as adopted on November 26, 1949, contained a Preamble, 395 Articles, and 8 Schedules.
77
The present position regarding the relationship between Fundamental Rights (FR) and Directive Principles (DPSP) is that:
DPSPs enjoy supremacy over all FRs.
The balance between FRs and DPSPs has been declared unconstitutional.
FRs enjoy supremacy over DPSPs, but Parliament can amend FRs to implement DPSPs, without violating the basic structure.
FRs and DPSPs are completely separate and cannot be harmonized.
Explanation: Following the Minerva Mills case, the present position is that Fundamental Rights enjoy supremacy over Directive Principles. However, this does not mean DPSPs are useless. Parliament can amend Fundamental Rights to implement Directive Principles, so long as such an amendment does not damage or destroy the basic structure of the Constitution. The harmony and balance between the two is a key feature.
78
The Preamble is useful in constitutional interpretation because it:
Contains the exact powers of the Parliament.
Lists all the fundamental duties of citizens.
Embodies the basic philosophy and fundamental values on which the Constitution is based.
Is legally enforceable in a court of law.
Explanation: The Preamble is significant because it embodies the basic philosophy and fundamental values—political, moral, and religious—which are the foundation of the Constitution. It contains the grand and noble vision of the Constituent Assembly and helps in interpreting the spirit of the constitutional provisions.
79
The election results for the 296 seats of the Constituent Assembly saw the Muslim League win how many seats?
208
93
73
15
Explanation: In the elections for the 296 seats held in July-August 1946, the Indian National Congress won 208 seats, the Muslim League won 73 seats, and other small groups and independents secured the remaining 15 seats.
80
The DPSP to organize agriculture and animal husbandry on modern and scientific lines is found in which article?
Article 47
Article 48
Article 48A
Article 49
Explanation: Article 48, a Liberal-Intellectual principle, directs the state to organise agriculture and animal husbandry on modern and scientific lines.
81
Which of the following personalities was NOT part of the seven-member Drafting Committee?
Dr. K.M. Munshi
Alladi Krishnaswamy Ayyar
Jawaharlal Nehru
N. Madhava Rau
Explanation: Jawaharlal Nehru was the chairman of the Union Powers Committee and Union Constitution Committee, but he was not a member of the Drafting Committee, which was chaired by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.
82
The term 'Equality' in the Preamble refers to the absence of special privileges and the provision of adequate opportunities for all individuals without discrimination. This is further elaborated in which part of the Constitution?
Part IV (DPSP)
Part II (Citizenship)
Part III (Fundamental Rights)
The Schedules
Explanation: The promise of Equality of status and of opportunity in the Preamble is primarily secured through the Fundamental Rights enshrined in Part III, particularly through Articles 14 (Equality before law), 15 (Prohibition of discrimination), 16 (Equality of opportunity in public employment), 17 (Abolition of untouchability), and 18 (Abolition of titles).
83
K. Santhanam pointed out that the Directive Principles could lead to constitutional conflicts between which of the following?
1. The Centre and the States.
2. The President and the Prime Minister.
3. The Governor and the Chief Minister.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
1. The Centre and the States.
2. The President and the Prime Minister.
3. The Governor and the Chief Minister.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
1 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 3 only
1, 2 and 3
Explanation: K. Santhanam, a member of the Constituent Assembly, pointed out that the Directives could potentially lead to conflicts at various levels of governance: between the Centre and the states, between the President and the Prime Minister, and between the Governor and the Chief Minister, especially if a higher authority issues directives based on DPSPs that a lower authority does not agree with or has the resources to implement.
84
The Constituent Assembly was formed based on the scheme proposed by the _________.
Cripps Mission
August Offer
Cabinet Mission Plan
Mountbatten Plan
Explanation: The Constituent Assembly was constituted in November 1946 under the scheme formulated by the Cabinet Mission Plan.
85
Consider the following:
1. Prevention of concentration of wealth (Article 39).
2. Right to work (Article 41).
3. Participation of workers in management of industries (Article 43A).
4. Promotion of co-operative societies (Article 43B).
Which of the above are classified as Socialistic Principles?
1. Prevention of concentration of wealth (Article 39).
2. Right to work (Article 41).
3. Participation of workers in management of industries (Article 43A).
4. Promotion of co-operative societies (Article 43B).
Which of the above are classified as Socialistic Principles?
1 and 2 only
3 and 4 only
1, 2 and 3 only
1, 2, 3 and 4
Explanation: Preventing concentration of wealth, providing the right to work, and ensuring worker participation in management are all principles that reflect the ideology of socialism. The promotion of co-operative societies (Article 43B) is classified as a Gandhian principle.
86
Which statement is NOT a valid criticism of the Constituent Assembly?
It was time-consuming.
It was not a directly elected body.
It was dominated by members from rural agrarian backgrounds.
It was dominated by the Congress Party.
Explanation: The Constituent Assembly was criticized for being time-consuming, not directly elected, and dominated by the Congress. However, a major criticism was that it was dominated by lawyers and politicians, not by members from rural agrarian backgrounds. The urban, educated, legal elite had a disproportionate presence.
87
The first draft of the Constitution of India was published in _________, after which the people of India were given eight months to discuss it.
August 1947
February 1948
October 1948
November 1949
Explanation: The Drafting Committee prepared the first draft of the Constitution, which was published in February 1948. This was followed by a period of public discussion and suggestions.
88
The term 'Sovereign' in the Preamble implies that India is:
A member of the Commonwealth of Nations.
Bound by the laws of the British Parliament.
An independent state with the power to conduct its own internal and external affairs.
A state that follows the principle of popular sovereignty.
Explanation: The word 'Sovereign' implies that India is an independent state. It is neither a dependency nor a dominion of any other nation. It is free to conduct its own affairs, both internal and external.
89
Although non-justiciable, the Directive Principles are considered 'fundamental in the governance of the country'. This implies that they:
Can be enforced through writs by the Supreme Court.
Serve as moral and political ideals that the government is expected to follow while making laws.
Automatically become law if not implemented within a reasonable time.
Are superior to Fundamental Rights.
Explanation: Article 37 explicitly states that even though the DPSPs are not enforceable by any court, the principles laid down are nevertheless fundamental in the governance of the country. This means they are high ideals and guiding principles that form a moral and political duty for any government to apply when formulating policies and enacting laws.
90
The Objectives Resolution, adopted on January 22, 1947, declared India as an ___________.
Independent Democratic Republic
Independent Socialist Republic
Independent Sovereign Republic
Independent Sovereign Secular Republic
Explanation: The historic 'Objectives Resolution' presented by Jawaharlal Nehru declared India as an Independent Sovereign Republic and laid down the fundamentals and philosophy of the constitutional structure. Its modified version became the Preamble.
91
The Preamble helps the judiciary in what way?
It allows judges to create new laws based on the Preamble's text.
It serves as a guide for interpreting ambiguous provisions of the Constitution.
It gives the judiciary the power to amend the Constitution.
It lists the salaries and allowances of the judges.
Explanation: The Preamble, by encapsulating the spirit and philosophy of the Constitution, serves as a crucial aid to the judiciary. When a provision of the Constitution is ambiguous, courts can look to the Preamble to understand the intention of the framers and interpret the provision in that light. For example, the Supreme Court has often used the DPSPs (which reflect the Preamble's goals) to determine the reasonableness of a law.
92
The 44th Amendment Act of 1978 added which new Directive Principle?
To protect and improve the environment (Article 48A).
To provide free legal aid to the poor (Article 39A).
To minimise inequalities in income, status, facilities, and opportunities (Article 38).
To promote co-operative societies (Article 43B).
Explanation: The 44th Amendment Act of 1978 added one Directive Principle, which requires the State to minimise inequalities in income, status, facilities, and opportunities. This was added as a new clause to Article 38.
93
The Chairman of the Union Constitution Committee was ________.
Sardar Patel
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
Jawaharlal Nehru
Dr. Rajendra Prasad
Explanation: Jawaharlal Nehru was the chairman of the Union Powers Committee, the Union Constitution Committee, and the States Committee.
94
In the Golaknath case (1967), the Supreme Court's ruling regarding the relationship between Fundamental Rights and DPSPs was that:
Parliament could amend Fundamental Rights to implement DPSPs.
Parliament could not take away or abridge any of the Fundamental Rights, even for implementing DPSPs.
DPSPs were superior to Fundamental Rights.
The doctrine of basic structure was introduced.
Explanation: In the Golaknath case (1967), the Supreme Court took a strong position, ruling that Parliament could not amend Fundamental Rights to implement the Directive Principles of State Policy. It held that Fundamental Rights were given a 'transcendental and immutable' position. This led Parliament to enact the 24th and 25th Amendment Acts to reassert its authority.
95
The phrase "unity and integrity of the Nation" in the Preamble promotes fraternity by overcoming which hindrances?
Poverty and unemployment.
Political instability and corruption.
Communalism, regionalism, casteism, linguism, and secessionism.
Judicial overreach and executive inaction.
Explanation: The goal of "unity and integrity of the Nation" within the concept of fraternity is aimed at fostering a sense of brotherhood that transcends divisive tendencies like communalism, regionalism, casteism, linguism, secessionism, etc., which are major hindrances to national integration.
96
Who was the chairman of the Provincial Constitution Committee?
Sardar Patel
Jawaharlal Nehru
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
Dr. Rajendra Prasad
Explanation: Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was the chairman of two major committees: the Provincial Constitution Committee and the Advisory Committee on Fundamental Rights, Minorities and Tribal and Excluded Areas.
97
The DPSP regarding a Uniform Civil Code (UCC) is mentioned in which Article?
Article 43
Article 44
Article 45
Article 46
Explanation: Article 44, classified as a Liberal-Intellectual Principle, states that "The State shall endeavour to secure for the citizens a uniform civil code throughout the territory of India."
98
Fill in the blank: The Preamble is __________, meaning its provisions are not enforceable in courts of law.
justiciable
non-justiciable
amendable
sovereign
Explanation: The Preamble is non-justiciable. This means that its provisions are not enforceable in courts of law, and a citizen cannot go to court if the objectives laid out in the Preamble are not being met by the state.
99
Lord Viscount Simon's criticism of the Constituent Assembly was that it was __________.
'a lawyer's paradise'
'dominated by the Congress'
'a body of Hindus'
'too time-consuming'
Explanation: Some critics, like Lord Viscount Simon, criticized the Constituent Assembly for its composition, calling it 'a body of Hindus', pointing to the religious demography of its members, especially after the withdrawal of the Muslim League.
100
Which article directs the state to protect monuments and places and objects of national importance?
Article 48
Article 48A
Article 49
Article 50
Explanation: Article 49, a Liberal-Intellectual Principle, states that it shall be the obligation of the State to protect every monument or place or object of artistic or historic interest, declared to be of national importance.
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